谷豆覆膜条带种植技术及其光合水分变化研究

Pattern of strip-planting under film mulching of millet-soybean and changes in photosynthesis and moisture

  • 摘要: 通过谷豆条带种植技术、谷子覆膜穴播栽培技术、大豆膜际条播栽培技术的进一步集成, 形成一套新的高产高效种植模式。该模式发挥了3种技术的优势, 能够充分利用自然光热资源, 明显改善谷子和大豆的光合、呼吸及水分交换环境。谷子光合速率(Pn)分别比普通条带谷子和单作谷子提高19.2%、32.4%, 气孔导度(Cleaf)分别提高6.3%、42.2%, 蒸腾速率(E)与单作谷子相近; 大豆光合速率分别比普通条带大豆和单作大豆提高5.6%、56.1%, 蒸腾速率分别提高3.1%、46.1%, 气孔导度分别提高31.3%、148.9%; 谷子水分利用效率(WUE)分别比普通条带谷子和单作谷子提高32.3%和31.9%, 大豆水分利用效率分别比普通条带大豆和单作大豆提高2.6%和7.0%。模式总产量显著高于单作大豆, 与单作谷子相近, 比普通谷豆条带种植模式高17.7%; 总效益比单作谷子增加1 413.75元·hm-2, 比单作大豆和普通谷豆条带种植模式分别增加2 242.5元·hm-2、1 542.0元·hm-2。模式具有显著的增产、增收、节水效果。

     

    Abstract: A new strip-planting pattern under plastic mulching of millet and soybean is developed by integration and optimization of alternate strip-planting technique of millet and soybean, spot-planting technique under film mulching of millet and strip-planting technique under film mulching of soybean. The new planting pattern is more advanced because not only photosynthesis, respiration and water utilization of millet and soybean are improved, but the yields are higher as well. Compared with the ordinary models of alternate strip-planting and monocropping millet, leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) of millet in the new pattern increases by 19.2% and 32.4% respectively. Stomatal conductance of leaves (Cleaf) is higher by 6.3% and 42.2% respectively, while leaf transpiration rate (E) is similar to that in monocropping millet. For soybean, Pn under the new pattern is higher by 5.6% over that under ordinary alternate strip-planting; and by 56.1% over that under monocropping soybean. E increases by 3.1% and 46.1% respectively. Cleaf also increases by 31.3% and 148.9% respectively. Under the new pattern, water use efficiency (WUE) of millet and soybean are markedly enhanced, especially in millet where WUE exceeds 30% increment over the two old planting patterns. Total output is obviously higher than that in monocropping soybean, very close to that for monocropping millet. Yield increases by 17.7% compared with ordinary alternate strip-planting. Total economic benefit respectively increases by 1 413.75 yuan·hm-2, 2 242.5 yuan·hm-2 and 1 542.0 yuan·hm-2 over monocropping millet and monocropping soybean, and alternate strip-planting system.

     

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