Abstract: An experiment was carried out to study the effect of different fertilization treatments on soil moisture in black soils during relatively dry years. The study was based on long-term field experiment in Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results show that precipitation is below corn water requirement in dry years. The water deficit is met by soil moisture reserve. The ratio of soil water supply to maize water consumption is 22.23% ~ 25.99% for the entire maize growth season. The capacity of soil water supply is regulated by fertilization. The order of effect of treatments on soil moisture is chemical fertilizer plus organic manure (F3)> chemical fertilizer (F2)>no fertilizer (F1). A similar trend is observed for the amount and rate of maize water consumption. Fertilization enhances water use efficiency of corn, especially chemical fertilizer plus organic manure treatment.