河西绿洲灌区春小麦留茬免耕的防风蚀效应研究

Effect of non-tillage with straw mulch on wind erosion in irrigated oases of Hexi Corridor

  • 摘要: 通过风洞模拟试验,对不同留茬高度(20 cm和40 cm)和不同留茬方式(立秆留茬和留茬收后压倒)下的土壤风蚀量和不同处理在25~250 mm内的风速廓线进行定量测定,并分析土壤风蚀速率与风速的关系。结果表明,高留茬免耕处理在吹蚀风速20 m·s-1以下时对土壤的防风蚀作用存在显著影响。立秆留茬40 cm的风蚀速率比传统耕作降低87.84%,比相同留茬量的压倒留茬处理降低5.89%,表现为最小风蚀速率,且对吹蚀风速的减弱作用最强,防风蚀效果最好。进一步研究表明,传统耕作的土壤风蚀速率(Q)与风速(V)呈幂函数关系,而免耕处理的土壤风蚀速率(Q)与风速(V)遵循二次函数关系。

     

    Abstract: A wind tunnel simulation experiment was performed to quantitatively determine soil wind erosion and wind profile in the 25 ~ 250 mm soil layer under two stubble heights (20 cm and 40 cm) and two stubble modes (stubble with stem and overpowered stubble after harvest). The relationship between soil erosion rate and wind velocity was analyzed. The results show that NS (no-tillage with high stubble at spring wheat harvest) treatment under wind velocity below 20 m·s-1 significantly reduces soil wind erosion (P < 0.05). Compared with conventional tillage and NPS40 (leaving 40 cm stubble at spring wheat harvest), wind speed of NS40 (no-tillage with 40 cm stubble at spring wheat harvest) treatment decreases by 87.84% and 5.89%, respectively. This indicates that NS40 not only has the lowest wind erosion but the best effect on preventing wind erosion. A power function relation exists between wind erosion rate (Q)and wind velocity (V) under conventional tillage, while a quadratic function relation exists between Q and V under no-tillage treatment.

     

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