Abstract: Using data from 22 years fertilization experiment, the effect of fertilization on soil fertility, and the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat in Shajiang black soils were investigated in this study. The results show that longterm application of either organic manure alone or its combination with chemical fertilizer increases soil organic matter content and available N, P, K. Based on wheat yield, basic fertility under combined fertilization is 2 715.0 kg·hm^-2 higher than that under chemical fertilizers alone with same N treatment. Yield as well as protein content, wet gluten and sedimentation value of strong gluten wheat are in direct correlation with soil organic matter content, total N, total P and available P. Combined fertilization is a relevant approach and does not only increase basic soil fertility, but does also enhance sustainable cultivation of strong gluten wheat.