河北典型样带土地利用生态安全格局研究

Ecological security pattern of land use in a typical transect of Hebei Province

  • 摘要: "河北雄安新区规划纲要"全文发布,提到要坚持生态保护优先,打造以"太行山脉-渤海湾"与"京南生态绿楔-拒马河-白洋淀"生态廊道,形成连山通海、南北交融的区域生态安全格局。鉴于此,本文参照陆地样带选取原则和依据,布设河北省典型样带,并利用MCR(minimum cumulative resistance)模型,以样带的林地、草地和湿地作为生态源地,人工表面作为城镇扩张源地,从土地内在属性和外在属性两方面,选取高程、土地景观类型、土壤类型、生态敏感性和生态系统服务价值等5方面指标,研究该样带土地利用生态安全格局。研究结果表明:河北省典型样带划定成:生态核心区、生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态可占区和生态治理区5个生态安全区。生态源地和城镇扩张源地空间格局分布具有明显的界限,均呈集中连片分布,但生态连通性较弱。生态核心区面积最小,为1 082.42 km2,该样带自然保护区核心地带均位于样带的西北部;生态缓冲区面积最大,为6 943.63 km2,位于样带的西北部和东部沿海,是连接上、中、下游的媒介,应在保护的基础上合理利用。生态过渡区面积为3 189.25 km2,是今后作为城乡建设后备用地开发建设重点区域,应合理规划;生态可占区分布在生态过渡区和生态治理区的过度地带,是目前城镇建设和经济发展的主要区域,面积为5 835.34 km2;生态治理区面积为1 710.70 km2,主要是生态脆弱区,也是未来进行生态恢复、生态产业发展的重点地区;以上3区交错分布于中部和东南部。综上,生态核心区和生态缓冲区应大规模植树造林;生态过渡区应严格控制向生态用地扩张;生态可占区应根据城市人口、经济等需求进行因地制宜开发;生态治理区应实施退耕还淀恢复淀泊水面,严守土壤环境安全底线,优化生态安全屏障体系。

     

    Abstract: The "Planning Outline of Hebei Xiong'an New District", which has been published recently in full text, states that it is necessary to adhere to the priority of ecological protection and build an ecological corridor taking in "Taihang Mountain Range-Bohai Bay", and "Jingnan Ecological Green Wedge-Juma River-Baiyangdian". In view of this, this paper referred to the principle and basis of land sample selection, laid out the typical sample belt of Hebei Province, and used the minimum cumulative resistance model, with the forest land, grassland and wetland of the sample belt as the ecological source land, and the artificial surface as the source of urban expansion. In terms of attributes and external attributes, five indicators-elevation, land landscape type, soil type, ecological sensitivity, and ecosystem service value-have been selected to investigate the ecological security pattern of land use. The findings were as follows:five ecological safety areas were designated for the typical sample area in Hebei Province; these were ecological core area, ecological buffer area, ecological transition area, ecological occupation area, and ecological management area. The spatial pattern distribution of ecological source areas and urban expansion sources showed clear boundaries, all of which were concentrated and contiguous, though the ecological connectivity was weak. The ecological core area, which was the core area of the nature reserve, was at least 1 082.42 km2. The buffer area, which was the medium connecting the upper, middle and lower reaches, was as much as 6 943.63 km2. This area should be used rationally for protection. The ecological transition area, which was the key area for the development and construction of the reserve following the urban and rural construction, was 3 189.25 km2. The ecological occupation area, with an area of 5 835.34 km2, was distributed in the ecological transition area and the ecological governance zone. It was the main area of urban construction and economic development. The ecological management area was 1 710.70 km2; it was primarily an ecologically fragile area and was a key region for ecological restoration and future ecological industry development. In summary, There should be a large-scale planting of the ecological core area and the ecological buffer zone. The ecological transition area should be controlled strictly to expand to the ecological land, and the ecological occupation area should be developed according to the needs of the urban population and the economy. It is necessary to return farmland to the lake to restore the water surface, strictly to the soil environmental safety bottom line, and optimize the ecological safety barrier system.

     

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