Abstract: Based on the requirements of agricultural development in line with the"Three Orientations"strategy presented by China's Central Government in 2014, an evaluation index system on the system of service organization for new agricultural modernization were established.With Henan Province as the case study, the paper explored the development level and the rules of spatial distribution of service organization system, aiming to provide references for its further improvement.The index system was consisted of 16 indexes included in 4 criteria layers, which were development indexes of rural land circulation organization, resources allocation organization, information service organization and industrial management organization.Then using 18 cites in Henan Province as the basic units, the comprehensive development level of service organization system, and the related rules of spatial distribution were determined.The results showed that the comprehensive development level of service organization system was low in Henan Province.Only Zhengzhou, Jiyuan and Luohe were in District Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and all the other 15 cities were in District Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ.The rules of spatial distribution of the 18 cities were regular.The development in western Henan was the highest, which included Luoyang, Jiyuan, Jiaozuo and Sanmenxia, all of which occurred under District Ⅱ or Ⅲ.The development in the central part ranked the second, where Zhengzhou and Luohe occurred under District Ⅰ or Ⅱ, while both Xuchang and Pingdingshan occurred under District Ⅴ.The development in the northern part ranked the third, where Hebi occurred under District Ⅲ and then Xinxiang, Anyang and Puyang all were under District Ⅳ or Ⅴ.The development in the southern part ranked fourth, where Nanyang, Xinyang and Zhumadian were under District Ⅴ.The development in the eastern part was the lowest, where both Shangqiu and Zhoukou were in District Ⅵ and Kaifeng was in District Ⅳ.The research showed that a perfect service organization system for new agricultural modernization should be established in Henan Province to guide large-scale circulation of rural land, increase organizational degree of line operation, promote agricultural transformation development and guarantee quantity and quality of agricultural products.It was an inevitable option to accelerate the development of agricultural modernization in the study area.