基于GIS的台湾青枣在福建引扩种的气候适宜性区划

Climate suitability regionalization for Taiwan green jujube introduction and expansion in Fujian Province using GIS

  • 摘要: 为合理利用福建气候资源、优化台湾青枣在福建的种植布局,基于GIS开展台湾青枣在福建引扩种的气候适宜性区划。根据台湾青枣的生长气象指标、生命周期和生产管理特点,选取≥10℃年活动积温(∑ T≥10℃)、年平均气温(Tavg)、90%保证率年极端最低气温(T90%JDW)、年降水量(R)、年日照时数(S)5个气象因子作为区划指标,构建台湾青枣的气候适宜性区划指标体系;采用专家打分法和层次分析法对区划指标进行权重分析,建立气候适宜指数算法;基于气象要素值、经度、纬度、海拔高度,通过线性回归建立5个区划指标的小网格推算模型;结合小网格推算模型和气候适宜指数算法,开展台湾青枣在福建引扩种的气候适宜性区划;采用前期相关研究成果、青枣种植现状对区划结果的可靠性进行验证。结果表明:台湾青枣的适宜种植区主要分布在泉州市辖区以南的沿海县市和漳州市的部分内陆县市;次适宜区主要分布在福建中部沿海地区及龙岩南部的永定、上杭部分乡镇,该区种植青枣可能遭受寒冻害,应注意低温防护;其余县市为不适宜种植区。区划结果与前期研究成果和青枣种植现状一致。研究结果可为台湾青枣在福建的引种、扩种和种植结构调整提供参考。

     

    Abstract: In order to reasonably utilize climatic resources and optimize Taiwan green jujube plantation layout in Fujian Province, regionalization of the suitability of climate for the introduction and expansion of Taiwan green jujube in Fujian was conducted using GIS platform. Based on local meteorological conditions, lifecycle and production management characteristics of Taiwan green jujube in Fujian, an indicator system for the regionalization of the suitability of climate was constructed. The indicator variables included the annual cumulative temperature≥10℃, mean annual temperature, extreme minimum annual temperature (with climate suitability guarantee of 90%), annual precipitation and annual sunshine hours from 67 meteorological stations in Fujian Province during 1971-2011. The climate suitability index was summed up after standardization disposal of the performances of the five indicators and weighing by expert evaluation and AHP methods.Finally, the regionalization of the suitability of climate for the introduction and expansion of Taiwan green jujube in Fujian Province was done in GIS environment using the small grid reckoning models of the five indicators, combined with equation of the climatic suitability index. The climatic suitability index was divided into three grades, including suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable, by natural break method combined with field investigation and repeated test. The reliability of the results of the regionalization of the suitability of climate for the cultivation of Taiwan green jujube in the province was confirmed by related research and the existing state of Taiwan green jujube plantations in Fujian. The results showed:1) coastal areas south to Quanzhou City and several other counties inland of Zhangzhou (Zhangpu County, Yunxiao County, Zhao'an County and Dongshan County) were suitable for Taiwan green jujube cultivation. Heat conditions in the areas were abundant, with annual cumulative temperature≥10℃ of >7 000℃, which prevented frost damage to Taiwan green jujube in the areas. As a result, Taiwan green jujube cultivation in the above areas could ensure high quality and yields. 2) Coastal areas in the central Fujian Province and some towns in Yongding County and Shanghang County in the south of Longyan area were the sub-suitable regions for Taiwan green jujube cultivation, because of lower extreme annual minimum temperature (with climate suitability guarantee of 90%) in the areas (0-4℃). It was possible that Taiwan green jujube cultivation in the areas could be hampered by low temperature or frost damage. Therefore, it was need to take defensive measures to avoid low temperature or frost damage. 3) The other regions/counties were unsuitable. The general climatic conditions in the areas were not fit for the growth of Taiwan green jujube, thus cultivation had no obvious economic benefits. Recent research studies and state of cultivation of Taiwan green jujube in Fujian confirmed the reliability of the regionalization analysis. The results offered a critical reference base for the introduction, expansion and adjustment of cultivation structure of Taiwan green jujube in Fujian Province.

     

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