灌溉方式对优质晚稻田褐飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽迁入及迁出的影响--湖南省益阳市个例分析

Effect of irrigation method on in-out migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Cyrtorrhinus livdipennis (Reute) of high-quality late rice field: A case study of Yiyang, Hunan Province

  • 摘要: 黑肩绿盲蝽是褐飞虱的重要天敌之一,且具有明显伴迁现象。研究灌溉方式对优质晚稻田褐飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽的迁入及迁出,可为优质晚稻田褐飞虱的综合防治提供理论与技术支撑。本试验设置半隔离与全隔离两种隔离方式,研究长期灌溉、湿润灌溉、间歇灌溉及非充分灌溉对优质晚稻田褐飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽迁入及迁出的影响。结果表明:不同年份,优质晚稻田褐飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽的迁入及迁出差异较大,2015年,由于晚稻生育中后期气温低及降雨频繁,各灌溉处理下的褐飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽均未发生迁入。2014年,晚稻生育中后期温度较高,褐飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽发生迁飞。从迁入情况来看,非充分灌溉下褐飞虱发生早、基数大导致迁入量最低;间歇灌溉的迁入比(迁入量/迁入时段种群增加量)最大;非充分灌溉及湿润灌溉下黑肩绿盲蝽的迁入时期早于其他灌溉方式8 d左右。从迁出情况看,长期灌溉下褐飞虱发生外迁的时期早于其他灌溉方式11 d左右;间歇灌溉的褐飞虱迁出量最大,湿润灌溉的迁出比(迁出量/迁出时段种群消减量)最大;非充分灌溉下黑肩绿盲蝽的迁出量及迁出比均最大。表明非充分灌溉虽然减少了褐飞虱的迁入,但迁入前褐飞虱的种群增加量要远大于其他灌溉方式的迁入量,且会促进天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的外迁,增加了褐飞虱大发生的风险,不利于褐飞虱的综合防治;长期灌溉能有效降低褐飞虱的迁入及天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的外迁;湿润灌溉及间歇灌溉会促进褐飞虱的外迁,同时,间歇灌溉会显著(P < 0.05)减少天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的外迁。

     

    Abstract: Cyrtorrhinus livdipennis (Reute) is one of natural enemies of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), which more importantly has a clear accompanying migration pattern. The study of the effects of irrigation method on the in-and-out migration of N. lugens and C. livdipennis of high-quality late rice field could provide theoretical and technical support for an integrated control of N. lugens and reduce the use of chemical pesticides in cultivation. This experiment designed two isolation (semi-isolation and fully-isolation) modes to study the effects of deficit irrigation, wet irrigation, intermittent irrigation and long-term irrigation on immigration of N. lugens and C. livdipennis in high-quality late rice fields in 2014-2015. The results showed a significant difference on immigration and emigration of N. lugens and C. livdipennis in high-quality late rice fields between two years. There was no N. lugens and C. livdipennis immigration under all irrigation treatments in 2015 due to low temperatures and frequent rainfalls during mid to late growth stages of late rice. However, with higher temperatures in 2014, there was a significant migration. Based on the state of immigration, N. lugens immigration was lowest under deficit irrigation, which occurred early with a large base number, and was only 0.6% of that of intermittent irrigation. The intermittent irrigation had the largest number of immigration. Immigration rate (immigration number divided by increase in immigration number) of N. lugens under intermittent irrigation was 19.4, 1.4 and 3.4 times that of deficit, wet and long-term irrigation, respectively. The time of C. livdipennis immigration under deficit irrigation and wet irrigation was 8 days earlier than that under the other methods of irrigation. Based on the state of emigration, the time of N. lugens emigration under long-term irrigation was 11 days earlier than the other modes of irrigation. The largest number of N. lugens emigration under intermittent irrigation was 1.4, 1.1 and 5.8 times that of deficit, wet and long-term irrigation, respectively. The emigration rate (emigration number divided by decrease in emigration number) under wet irrigation was 1.3, 1.1 and 1.8 times that of deficit, intermittent and long-term irrigation, respectively. The number of C. livdipennis emigration in deficit irrigation increased by 102.9%, 127.2% and 1709.1% compared with wet, intermittent and long-term irrigation whereas emigration rate increased by 7.0%, 83.4% and 49.7%, respectively. Therefore, deficit irrigation reduced immigration of N. lugens, but increased the population of N. lugens before immigration compared with other irrigation methods. It simultaneously promoted emigration of enemy C. livdipennis, which increased the risk of N. lugens outbreak and control difficulty of N. lugens. Long-term irrigation effectively prevented N. lugens from immigration and enemy C. livdipennis from emigration. Wet and intermittent irrigation simultaneously promoted N. lugens emigration, while intermittent irrigation significantly reduced emigration of enemy C. livdipennis (P < 0.05).

     

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