李涛, 何春娥, 葛晓颖, 欧阳竹. 秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2016, 24(12): 1633-1642. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160357
引用本文: 李涛, 何春娥, 葛晓颖, 欧阳竹. 秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2016, 24(12): 1633-1642. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160357
LI Tao, HE Chun’e, GE Xiaoying, OUYANG Zhu. Responses of soil mineral N contents, enzyme activities and crop yield to different C/N ratio mediated by straw retention and N fertilization[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(12): 1633-1642. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160357
Citation: LI Tao, HE Chun’e, GE Xiaoying, OUYANG Zhu. Responses of soil mineral N contents, enzyme activities and crop yield to different C/N ratio mediated by straw retention and N fertilization[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(12): 1633-1642. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160357

秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、酶活性及作物产量的影响

Responses of soil mineral N contents, enzyme activities and crop yield to different C/N ratio mediated by straw retention and N fertilization

  • 摘要: 秸秆的质量, 特别是C/N是影响秸秆分解速率和养分释放的重要因素。在秸秆还田条件下, 如何科学合理地施用氮肥是秸秆利用和优化施肥研究的关键问题。本研究以秸秆还田施入碳氮的C/N为切入点, 于2012—2013年通过田间试验(设秸秆不还田不施肥、秸秆还田不施氮、秸秆还田施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1、16∶1和25∶1以及秸秆还田施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1处理), 研究秸秆还田不同氮输入对小麦玉米轮作田土壤无机氮、土壤微生物量氮、酶活性以及作物产量的影响。结果表明: 1)在C/N为25∶1下, 施用有机氮肥和无机氮肥对土壤无机氮含量无显著影响; 在施用无机氮肥的情况下, C/N越低土壤无机氮含量越高。2)秸秆还田施氮提高了土壤微生物量氮含量, 但是各秸秆还田施氮处理之间差异不显著; 秸秆还田不同施氮处理对脲酶活性无显著影响; 秸秆还田施氮提高了FDA水解酶活性, 并随C/N降低呈升高趋势, 施用无机氮肥的效果强于施用有机氮肥的。3)秸秆还田施用无机氮肥显著提高了小麦和玉米地上部生物量, 施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1和16∶1相比于C/N为25∶1提高了小麦和玉米的苗期和成熟期地上部生物量; 施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1相比秸秆还田不施氮对地上部生物量无显著影响。秸秆还田施用无机氮肥提高了作物产量, 施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1产量最高, 而施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1有降低作物产量的趋势。综合以上结果来看, 施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1较为合理。

     

    Abstract: The quality of straw affects N release after straw retention. As straw with high C/N ratio could result in N immobilization, additional N is needed to compensate N demand of crop. More and more N fertilizer is applied to soil for high crop yields in China. Therefore, how to scientifically apply N fertilizer is a key problem after straw retention. Based on C/N ratio, we carried out a field experiment to study the effects of different C/N ratios on soil mineral N content, microbial parameters and crop yields during the period of 20122013 in a winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system. The field experiment consisted of six treatments: 1) straw removal without fertilizer; 2) straw retention without N fertilizer; 3) straw retention with conventional N fertilizer (C/N ratio 10︰1); 4)straw retention with mineral N fertilizer (adjusted C/N ratio of 16︰1); 5) straw retention with mineral N fertilizer (adjusted C/N ratio of 25︰1); 6) straw retention with an adjusted C/N ratio of 25︰1 using organic N fertilizer (cattle manure). The results showed that: 1) there was no difference between the addition of mineral N fertilizer and organic N fertilizer on soil mineral N content under the same C/N ratio (25︰1) input. In the case of straw retention amended with mineral N fertilizer, C/N ratio of straw retention had significant influence on soil mineral N content, and C/N ratio was negatively related to soil mineral N content. 2) Straw retention amendment with N fertilizer increased soil microbial biomass N content, while no difference in soil microbial biomass N content among different N fertilizer inputs treatments. Straw retention amended with N fertilizer with sitting in integrated judgment, the urease activity had no remarkably different. Straw retention amended with N fertilizer increased FDA hydrolyase activity, and there was an increasing tendency with the decreasing of C/N ratio. 3) Straw retention amended with miner N fertilizer significantly increased crop above-ground biomass. Compared to straw retention and with an adjusted C/N ratio of 25︰1, straw retention with an adjusted C/N ratio of 10︰1 and 16︰1 increased above-ground biomass in both seedling and maturing stage. Compared to straw retention, straw retention amendment with organic N fertilizer had no influence on crop above-ground biomass. Straw retention amendment with miner N fertilizer increased crop yield, especially under the C/N ratio 16︰1 input; however, there was a decreased tendency at straw retention amendment with organic N fertilizer under the C/N ratio 25︰1. We concluded that applying mineral N fertilizer and adjusting C/N ration to 16︰1 may be more suitable N fertilizer practices after straw retention.

     

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