基于多维评价模型的都市农业多功能发展模式探究

Evaluation of urban agriculture multi-functionality development models based on multi-dimension evaluation

  • 摘要: 城市与都市农业通过功能互补与促进机制形成统一系统, 多功能是都市农业融入城市经济、社会、生态与空间系统之中表现出的显著内涵。但我国城市的自然环境、资源禀赋、发展基础、综合实力等方面表现出明显的东、中、西部区域差异, 都市农业功能发展的侧重点不同, 因此形成了多样化的都市农业多功能发展模式。评价都市农业多功能发展现状及合理性, 探究适宜我国不同区域城市的都市农业多功能发展模式, 有助于协调城市功能与都市农业功能发展、因地制宜地制定都市农业多功能发展战略。如何协调城市功能与都市农业功能是实现区域可持续发展急需探索的问题。本文应用四维评价模型对我国22个城市的都市农业生产、经济、社会与生态功能进行定量评价, 并根据四大功能间的不同组合类型, 用系统聚类法把我国都市农业分为10类多功能发展模式。研究表明: 受我国自然环境及社会经济发展水平的东、中、西部地区空间差异影响, 都市农业单项功能发展水平及多功能综合水平在各城市呈现明显的差异, 总体上表现出东、中、西的区域分异现状; 从我国西部城市至中东部城市, 都市农业发展模式逐渐从多功能弱协同模式转向基本协同、协同及强协同发展模式, 从生态优先发展模式转变为社会生态主导发展模式以及以生态为基础的生产(或经济或社会)功能主导的发展模式。都市农业发展模式属于生态优先发展模式的城市生态功能发展水平都达到了0.40以上, 属于社会优先发展模式的城市社会功能发展水平都在0.55以上, 属于经济优先发展模式的城市经济功能发展水平接近0.80, 属于生产优先发展模式的城市生产功能发展水平达到了0.75。

     

    Abstract: Urban development and urban agriculture constitutes an integrated system due to the complicated interaction mechanism of functional complementation and promotion. The multi-functionality of agriculture has been increasingly highlighted during urbanization and the gradual integration of urban agriculture into urban economic, social and ecological development and spatial formation. Urban development, encompassing the natural environment, resource endowment, development foundation and comprehensive strength, is significantly different in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Therefore, diversified development models have been tailored for urban agriculture constantly highlighting the related advantages and characteristics in different regions of China. Evaluating the developing rationality and current characteristics of urban agricultural multi-functionality and exploring the related development models suitable for specific regions are helpful in coordinating urban functions, urban agricultural multi-functions and for formulating urban agriculture development strategies based on region-specific conditions. It is necessary to coordinate the development between urban functions and functions produced by urban agriculture for sustainable development of urbanization areas. We quantitatively assessed urban agriculture multifunction from the aspects of production function, economic function, social function and ecological services in 22 cities of China using a four-dimension evaluation model. We classified and proposed ten development models of multifunctional development of urban agriculture based on the assembly of the related four functions using the system clustering method. The research showed that an individual or comprehensive functions provided by urban agriculture presented obvious differences among the eastern, central and western regions of China. This was due to the differentiation of natural environment, and social and economic development of different regions. From cities in the western region of China to cities in the central and eastern regions, urban agriculture multifunction development models shifted gradually from weakly coordinated development to generally coordinated development and then to strongly coordinated development. It shifted gradually from ecological priority development to predominantly social and ecological development model and then to production, social and economic development model. The development level of ecological services of urban agriculture exceeded 0.40 for cities with the model of ecological priority development. Then, the development level of social functions of urban agriculture was more than 0.55 in cities with the model of social priority development. Next, the development level of economic functions of urban agriculture reached 0.80 in cities for which the model was economic priority development. Finally, the development level of production of urban agriculture reached 0.75 in cities for which the model was provisioning priority development. This series of multi-functional urban agricultural development models suggested that multi-dimensional evaluation method actually reflected the development level of urban agriculture multifunction and the related regional differences in China. Furthermore, it not only provided accurate measurements for evaluation of development degree of urban agricultural functions under different urbanization level, but also clearly indicated the development of the internal structure of urban agricultural services and functions in each city and the related development merits and demerits. The research had important implications for the optimization of urban agricultural multifunction, scientific adjustment of urban agriculture structure, and implementation of coordinated policies on the development of urban agriculture multifunction with the development of urban socio-economy.

     

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