Abstract: In the critical period of agricultural green transformation and development, an in-depth exploration of the impact of Land endowment on farmers’ green production behavior choices and its inherent logic is of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development. Based on the survey data of “Hundreds of Villages and Thousands of Households” in Jiangxi Province in 2018, 2021, and 2023, this study empirically tested the impact and mechanism of Land endowment on farmers’ green production behavior by using the fixed effect model, mediation effect model and moderating effect model, and the robustness test and heterogeneity analysis were conducted. The results showed that: 1) Land endowment has a significant positive impact on farmers’ green production behavior, and the increase of land endowment will promote the adoption of farmers’ green production behavior. The results still hold after the robustness test and endogeneity discussion. 2) Land endowment affects farmers’ green production behavior by influencing their farming stickiness. In the process of the impact of land endowment on farmers’ green production behavior, both agricultural labor time and the willingness to continue farming play a partial mediating role. Among them, the willingness to continue farming contributes the most to the mediation effect and is the main indirect factor that motivates farmers to implement green production behavior. 3) Agricultural green production subsidies positively moderate the impact of Land endowment on farmers’ green production behavior. That is, the higher the agricultural green production subsidies, the stronger the promotion effect of land endowment on farmers’ adoption of green production behavior. 4) The impact of Land endowment on farmers’ green production behavior exhibits heterogeneity in terms of farming years and production purposes, significantly promoting the green production behavior of farmers in the short farming years group and the subsistence consumption group. Based on this, policy formulation should focus on improving the land endowment of farmers in terms of quantity, quality, and rights, perfecting the land transfer market and intermediary service system, optimizing labor division and resource allocation, while improving the green ecological oriented agricultural subsidy system, and implementing differentiated measures for different groups of farmers to enhance the adoption level of green production behavior comprehensively.