缓释氮肥减量替代对水稻产量和稻田温室气体排放的影响

Effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction substitution on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy field

    摘要
  • 摘要: 明确缓释氮肥减量施用最佳比例及其对水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响, 可为稻田缓释氮肥施用方案的选择及其农业绿色可持续生产提供理论依据。本文以长江中下游平原秸秆还田条件下的稻田为研究对象, 定量研究缓释氮肥减量替代常规氮肥对水稻产量和水稻季温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和甲烷(CH4)排放的影响。试验包括6个处理: 不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥(CN)、缓释氮肥等氮替代常规氮肥(SRN)以及在SRN基础上减氮20% (−20% SRN)、减氮40% (−40% SRN)和减氮60% (−60% SRN)。与CK处理相比, 各施肥处理均能显著提高水稻产量, 其中SRN处理水稻产量最高(9.78 t∙hm−2), −20% SRN与SRN处理无显著差异; 与CN处理相比, SRN和−20% SRN处理水稻产量分别显著增加10.1%和7.7% (P<0.05), 而−60% SRN处理显著降低11.2% (P<0.05)。与CK处理相比, 各施肥处理均能显著增加CO2、N2O和CH4累积排放量及稻田全球增温潜势(GPW), 且具有相似趋势: CN≈SRN>−20% SRN>−40% SRN>−60% SRN>CK。相较于CK处理, CN和SRN处理亦可显著增加温室气体排放强度, 其增幅为10.3~34.0% (P<0.05)。与CN处理相比, 缓释氮肥等氮替代常规氮肥各处理均可显著降低稻田温室气体排放强度, 其降幅为8.9%~17.7% (P<0.05)。缓释氮肥减氮20%替代常规氮肥是该区稻田缓释氮肥减量施用最佳比例, 对提高土壤肥力和水稻产量、降低温室气体排放和发展可持续农业具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: To determine the optimal proportion of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer application and its effects on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer application scheme in rice field and for the green and sustainable agricultural production. In this study, the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer reducing substitution for conventional nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O, and CH4) emissions during rice season were studied quantitatively in rice field under straw return in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. The experiment included six treatments: no fertilizer control (CK), conventional fertilizer (CN), slow-release nitrogen fertilizer substitution for conventional nitrogen fertilizer based on the same nitrogen input (SRN), and 20%, 40% and 60% nitrogen reduction (−20% SRN, −40% SRN, and −60% SRN) based on SRN. The results showed that the rice yield under SRN treatment was the highest (9.78 t∙hm−2) compared with CK treatment, and there was no significant difference between −20% SRN and SRN treatments. Compared with CN treatment, SRN and −20% SRN treatments significantly increased rice yield by 10.1% and 7.7% (P<0.05), respectively, while −60% SRN treatment significantly decreased by 11.2% (P<0.05). Compared with CK treatment, all the other fertilization treatments could significantly increase the cumulative emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 and the global warming potential (GPW) of paddy field, with a similar trend: CN ≈ SRN > −20% SRN > −40% SRN > −60% SRN >CK. Compared with CK treatment, CN and SRN treatments could significantly increase greenhouse gas emission intensity by 10.3%~34.0% (P<0.05). However, compared with CN treatment, treatments with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer substitution for conventional nitrogen fertilizer could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emission intensity in paddy field, with a decrease of 8.9%~17.7% (P<0.05). It can be seen that 20% reduction of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer substitution of conventional nitrogen fertilizer is the best proportion of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction applied in paddy field in this area, which is of great significance for improving soil fertility and rice yield, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing sustainable agriculture.

     

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