Digital technology-enabled agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control: Logical basis, key issues, and path construction
-
摘要:
农业环境污染防治是全球生态环境保护的核心议题。本文梳理了当前我国农业环境污染的现实特征及防治困境, 在此基础上分析了数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的逻辑基础和关键问题, 提出了数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的实现路径。研究发现: 当前我国农业环境污染防治工作取得了相对高效且稳定的治理成效。然而, 农业环境污染尚未得到根本遏制, 仍存在源头防控压力较大、法规标准体系存在缺陷、污染监测基础较为薄弱和监管能力亟待加强等问题。从数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的逻辑基础来看, 理论上, 数字技术能够赋能农业环境污染防治精准化、透明化和高效化。现实中, 数字技术革新为依托前沿技术开展农业环境污染防治创造了有利条件, 政策提质增效为数字技术赋能提供了重要机遇, 兼顾经济效益与环境效益为传统粗放型农业转型拓展了广阔空间。当前, 数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治需要重视提高数据采集质量和效率, 强化数据分析与模型预测, 加快构建智能决策支持系统以及平衡技术成本与污染防治收益等。在此基础上, 本文构建了数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的实现路径, 包括完善农业环境污染防治政策机制, 促进生产者达成共识性集体行动, 汇聚多元社会治理主体协同合力, 打造产学研深度融合创新联合体等。
Abstract:The prevention and control of agricultural environmental pollution are core issues in global ecological environmental protection. Therefore, in this study, we examined the characteristics of agricultural environmental pollution in China, evaluated the status of existing pollution prevention and control measures, and analyzed the logical basis and key issues of digital technology-enabled pollution prevention and control. Additionally, we proposed a path for the widespread implementation of digital technology-enabled prevention and control of agricultural environmental pollution in China. We found that the current agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control work in China has achieved relatively efficient and stable governance results. However, agricultural environmental pollution has not yet been fundamentally curbed, and problems remained, such as the need for greater prevention and control at the source, the deficiencies in the regulatory and standards systems, the weak foundation for pollution monitoring, and the urgent need to strengthen regulatory capacity. Theoretically, digital technology can improve the precision, transparency, and efficiency of agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control. In practice, digital technology innovation has created favorable conditions for leveraging cutting-edge technologies to prevent and control agricultural environmental pollution. Policy enhancement and optimization have provided substantial opportunities for digital technology empowerment, while balancing economic and environmental benefits has provided vast possibilities for the transformation of traditional agriculture. Development of digital technology for the prevention and control of agricultural environmental pollution should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of data collection, strengthening data analysis and model prediction, improving intelligent decision support systems, and balancing the costs and benefits of the technology. Based on these gaps, we outlined a digital technology-enabled agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control path that included improving the policy mechanism of agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control, encouraging producers to reach a consensus on collective action, fostering synergies between multiple social governance bodies, and building a deeply integrated Industry-University-Research innovation consortium.
-
-
![]()
图 1 数字技术赋能农业环境污染防治的逻辑基础
Figure 1. The logical basis of digital technology enabling agricultural environmental pollution prevention and control
-
[1] 于法稳. 新时代农业绿色发展动因、核心及对策研究[J]. 中国农村经济, 2018(5): 19−34 YU F W. An analysis of the reasons, core and countermeasures of agricultural green development in the new era[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2018(5): 19−34
[2] 金书秦, 张哲晰, 胡钰, 等. 中国农业绿色转型的历史逻辑、理论阐释与实践探索[J]. 农业经济问题, 2024, 45(3): 4−19 JIN S Q, ZHANG Z X, HU Y, et al. Historical logic, theoretical interpretation, and practical exploration of China’s agricultural green transformation[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2024, 45(3): 4−19
[3] 陈敏, 王雪蕾, 高吉喜, 等. 农业面源污染立体遥感监测体系构建设想[J]. 环境保护, 2020, 48(14): 49−53 CHEN M, WANG X L, GAO J X, et al. Construction of stereo remote sensing monitoring system for agricultural non-point source pollution[J]. Environmental Protection, 2020, 48(14): 49−53
[4] 徐新良, 陈建洪, 张雄一. 我国农田面源污染时空演变特征分析[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2021, 26(12): 157−165 XU X L, CHEN J H, ZHANG X Y. Analysis on the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in China[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2021, 26(12): 157−165
[5] 石凯含, 尚杰. 农业面源污染防治政策的演进轨迹、效应评价与优化建议[J]. 改革, 2021(5): 146−155 SHI K H, SHANG J. Evolution track, effect evaluation and optimization suggestions of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies[J]. Reform, 2021(5): 146−155
[6] 何奇龙, 唐娟红, 罗兴, 等. 政企农协同治理农业面源污染的演化博弈分析[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(7): 202−213 HE Q L, TANG J H, LUO X, et al. Evolutionary game analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution coordinated governance by government, agricultural enterprise and farmers[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2023, 31(7): 202−213
[7] 李乾, 王玉斌. 畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用中政府行为选择−激励抑或惩罚[J]. 农村经济, 2018(9): 55−61 LI Q, WANG Y B. On the choices of government behaviors in the utilization of livestock and poultry waste resources: Motivate or punish[J]. Rural Economy, 2018(9): 55−61
[8] 石凯含, 尚杰, 杨果. 农户视角下的面源污染防治政策梳理及完善策略[J]. 农业经济问题, 2020, 41(3): 136−142 SHI K H, SHANG J, YANG G. Summary of non-point source pollution prevention policies and its improving measures: from the perspective of farmers[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2020, 41(3): 136−142
[9] 邓小云, 徐祥民. 农业面源污染防治的瓶颈制约与法制纾困方案[J]. 内蒙古社会科学, 2022, 43(6): 88−95 DENG X Y, XU X M. The bottleneck restriction of agricultural area source pollution prevention and the legal relief scheme[J]. Inner Mongolia Social Sciences, 2022, 43(6): 88−95
[10] 沈贵银, 孟祥海. 农业面源污染治理: 政策实践、面临挑战与多元主体合作共治[J]. 云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2022, 39(1): 58−64 SHEN G Y, MENG X H. Policy practice, challenges and multi-agent cooperation and co-governance in the agricultural non-point source pollution control[J]. Journal of Yunnan Minzu University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2022, 39(1): 58−64
[11] 兰婷. 乡村振兴背景下农业面源污染多主体合作治理模式研究[J]. 农村经济, 2019(1): 8−14 LAN T. Research on multi-body cooperative governance model of agricultural surface source pollution in the context of rural revitalization[J]. Rural Economy, 2019(1): 8−14
[12] 张振, 高鸣, 苗海民. 农户测土配方施肥技术采纳差异性及其机理[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 20(2): 120−128 ZHANG Z, GAO M, MIAO H M. Analysis of farmers’ adoption behavior and influencing mechanism of soil testing for fertilizer formulation[J]. Journal of Northwest A& F University (Social Science Edition), 2020, 20(2): 120−128
[13] 高鹏, 白福臣, 郑沃林. 环境规制、数字化与农业面源污染[J/OL]. 生态经济, 1−15 (2023-02-16). http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/53.1193.F.20230215.1547.008.html GAO P, BAI F C, ZHENG W L. Environmental regulation, digitization and non-point source pollution [J/OL]. Ecological Economy: 1−15 (2023-02-16). http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/53.1193.F.20230215.1547.008.html
[14] 杨滨键, 尚杰, 于法稳. 农业面源污染防治的难点、问题及对策[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2019, 27(2): 236−245 YANG B J, SHANG J, YU F W. Difficulty, problems and countermeasures of agricultural non-point sources pollution control in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(2): 236−245
[15] 张红丽, 李洁艳, 祝振华. 数字技术使用对粮农化肥减量的影响效应与作用机制[J]. 农村经济, 2023(11): 25−34 ZHANG H L, LI J Y, ZHU Z H. Effect and mechanism of action of digital technology use on fertilizer reduction in food-growing farm households[J]. Rural Economy, 2023(11): 25−34
[16] 李珒, 赵静. 环境治理中的数字赋能与监管效率提升−基于人工替代的视角[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2023, 33(8): 130−137 LI J, ZHAO J. Digital empowerment and regulatory efficiency improvement in environmental governance: From the perspective of labor substitution[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2023, 33(8): 130−137
[17] 周子铭, 高鸣. 数字技术赋能农业绿色低碳转型: 理论基础、现实困境与路径优化[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2024, 42(5): 927−933 ZHOU Z M, GAO M. Digital technology enabling green and low carbon transformation of agriculture: Theoretical foundations, realistic dilemma and optimization path[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2024, 42(5): 927−933
[18] 唐惠敏. 数字技术赋能乡村振兴的理论阐释与实践发展[J]. 农村经济, 2022(9): 42−51 TANG H M. Theoretical interpretation and practical development of digital technology enabling rural revitalization[J]. Rural Economy, 2022(9): 42−51
[19] 林珊, 于法稳, 代明慧. 化肥“零增长” 政策会影响粮食安全吗: 基于准自然实验的RD检验[J]. 中国软科学, 2024(1): 12−23 LIN S, YU F W, DAI M H. Will fertilizer “zero-growth” policy affect food security: RD test based on quasi-natural experiment[J]. China Soft Science, 2024(1): 12−23
[20] 马翠萍, 刘文霞, 方燕. 数字技术赋能农户增收的理论机制与实证检验: 基于CRRS 2022农户调查数据[J]. 中国软科学, 2024(7): 69−78 MA C P, LIU W X, FANG Y. Theoretical mechanisms and empirical tests of digital technology enabling farm households to increase income: Based on CRRS 2022 farm household survey data[J]. China Soft Science, 2024(7): 69−78
[21] 白启鹏. 数字技术赋能乡村韧性治理及其行动框架[J]. 福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2024(3): 35−43, 169 BAI Q P. Digital technology empowering resilient rural governance and its action framework[J]. Journal of Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2024(3): 35−43, 169
[22] 高鸣, 种聪. 依靠科技和改革双轮驱动加快建设农业强国: 现实基础与战略构想[J]. 改革, 2023(1): 118−127 GAO M, CHONG C. Relying on science and technology and reform to accelerate the construction of an agricultural powerhouse: Realistic basis and strategic conception[J]. Reform, 2023(1): 118−127
[23] 吴一平, 宋燕妮, 张广创, 等. 流域面源污染研究进展与展望[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2024, 43(4): 711−720 WU Y P, SONG Y N, ZHANG G C, et al. Progress and prospect of research on watershed nonpoint source pollution[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2024, 43(4): 711−720
[24] 刘晓倩, 李玲, 孙小龙. 化肥面源污染排放的时空演进及驱动因素研究−基于中国13个粮食主产省2000—2020年数据[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2024, 38(5): 49−59 LIU X Q, LI L, SUN X L. Temporal and spatial evolution of non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizer in main grain producing areas of China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2024, 38(5): 49−59
[25] 姜松, 周洁, 邱爽. 适度规模经营是否能抑制农业面源污染−基于动态门槛面板模型的实证[J]. 农业技术经济, 2021(7): 33−48 JIANG S, ZHOU J, QIU S. Can appropriate scale operation restrain agricultural non-point source pollution? — Empirical study based on dynamic threshold panel model[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2021(7): 33−48
[26] 金书秦. 农业面源污染特征及其治理[J]. 改革, 2017(11): 53−56 JIN S Q. Characterization of agricultural non-point source pollution and its management[J]. Reform, 2017(11): 53−56
[27] 易加斌, 李霄, 杨小平, 等. 创新生态系统理论视角下的农业数字化转型: 驱动因素、战略框架与实施路径[J]. 农业经济问题, 2021, 42(7): 101−116 YI J B, LI X, YANG X P, et al. Agricultural digital transformation from the perspective of innovation ecosystem theory: Driving factors, strategic framework and realization path[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2021, 42(7): 101−116
[28] 邓小云. 农业面源污染防治法律制度设计模式的反思与重构[J]. 中州学刊, 2021(10): 49−55 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0751.2021.10.009 DENG X Y. Reflection and reconstruction of legal system design mode of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control[J]. Academic Journal of Zhongzhou, 2021(10): 49−55 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0751.2021.10.009
[29] 姚万军, 戴雪映, 曾霞. 兼顾治污效果和增产保供能力的农业面源污染治理机制研究−基于种养殖业农户的动态博弈分析[J]. 南开经济研究, 2023(7): 3−26 YAO W J, DAI X Y, ZENG X. Study on agricultural non-point source pollution control mechanism considering pollution control effect and ensuring production: Based on dynamic game analysis in the planting and breeding farmers[J]. Nankai Economic Studies, 2023(7): 3−26
[30] 谢依林, 文高辉, 胡贤辉. 农户分化、生态认知对农户农田面源污染治理受偿意愿的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2021, 30(8): 1992−2001 XIE Y L, WEN G H, HU X H. Research on the influence of farmer differentiation and ecological cognition on farmers’ willingness to accept for cropland non-point source pollution control[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2021, 30(8): 1992−2001
[31] 刘明玉, 肖海峰. 农业要素市场化对农业面源污染的影响效应−兼议环境规制的调节作用[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2024, 32(3): 518−528 LIU M Y, XIAO H F. Effect of agricultural factor marketization on agricultural non-point source pollution: The regulatory role of environmental regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(3): 518−528
[32] 李翠霞, 许佳彬. 中国农业绿色转型的理论阐释与实践路径[J]. 中州学刊, 2022(9): 40−48 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0751.2022.09.007 LI C X, XU J B. Theoretical interpretation and practical path of China’s agricultural green transformation[J]. Academic Journal of Zhongzhou, 2022(9): 40−48 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0751.2022.09.007
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 280
- HTML全文浏览量: 31
- PDF下载量: 27
