Response of wheat grain protein content to organic material return in China: A Meta-analysis
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摘要:
有机物料(秸秆、有机肥)还田会影响小麦籽粒的营养质量。本研究基于中国各试验站点2023年9月30日前发表的文献数据进行Meta分析, 综合了65篇文献中393个观测值, 以施氮量、土壤本底有机质、年均温、年均降雨量等亚组, 评估有机物料还田对中国小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明: 秸秆还田可提升小麦籽粒蛋白质含量(grain protein content, GPC)。综合比对秸秆还田不同亚组发现, 151~200 kg·hm−2施氮量下秸秆还田对小麦GPC提升效果最佳, 秸秆还田量>9 000 kg·hm−2对小麦GPC提升最大, 秸秆还田下土壤本底有机质≥21 g·kg−1可显著提升小麦GPC, 水稻和玉米秸秆还田对提升小麦GPC有显著的正向效应, 21~25 ℃年均温和>800 mm年均降雨量下秸秆还田对小麦GPC提升最好。有机肥还田降低了小麦GPC, 其中有机肥替代75%和100%无机肥显著降低小麦GPC, 有机肥替代25%和50%无机肥对小麦GPC降幅较小。综合比对有机肥还田下不同亚组发现, 151~200 kg·hm−2和251~300 kg·hm−2施氮量下, 有机肥替代25%和50%无机肥可提升小麦GPC, 高比例有机肥替代无机肥下土壤本底有机质≥21 g·kg−1 可降低对小麦GPC的部分损失, 且有机肥替代50%无机肥在年均温21~25 ℃和年均降雨量>800 mm下均可提升小麦GPC。秸秆还田对于中国小麦GPC的响应均呈正效应, 而有机肥还田以负效应为主。研究结果可为中国有机物料还田提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量提供科学依据。
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关键词:
- 有机物料 /
- 小麦籽粒; 蛋白质含量 /
- 秸秆还田 /
- 有机肥 /
- Meta分析
Abstract:The return of organic materials (such as straw and organic fertilizers) to the field affects the nutritional quality of wheat grains. This study conducted a Meta-analysis based on literature data published by Chinese research stations before September 30, 2023. A total of 393 observations from 65 studies were synthesized, and subgroups such as nitrogen application rate, soil baseline organic matter content, annual average temperature, and annual average rainfall were used to assess the impact of organic materials return on wheat grain protein content (GPC) in China. The results showed that straw return could enhance wheat GPC. Among different subgroups of straw return, the improvement in GPC was most pronounced under a nitrogen rate of 151–200 kg·hm−2. A straw return amount >9 000 kg·hm−2 had the greatest positive effect, while soil baseline organic matter content ≥21 g·kg−1 under straw return significantly boosted wheat GPC. The return of rice and maize straw also had a significant positive effect. Optimal improvements in GPC were observed under an average annual temperature of 21–25 °C and average annual precipitation >800 mm. In contrast, organic fertilizer applicaiton reduced wheat GPC. Specifically, the complete (100%) and partial (75%) replacement of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer significantly decreased GPC, while reductions were smaller with 25% and 50% organic fertilizer substitution. For organic fertilizer return subgroups, nitrogen rate of 151–200 and 251–300 kg·hm−2 combined with 25% or 50% organic fertilizer substitution improved wheat GPC. High soil background organic matter content (baseline organic matter content ≥21 g·kg−1) partially mitigated the loss in GPC. Furthermore, 50% organic fertilizer substitution improved GPC under an annual average temperature of 21–25 ℃ and average annual precipitation >800 mm. Overall, straw return had a positive effect on wheat GPC across regions in China, whereas organic fertilizer return primarily showed a negative effect. These findings provide scientific evidence for enhancing wheat grain protein content through organic materials return in China.
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Keywords:
- organic materials /
- wheat grain; protein content /
- straw return /
- organic fertilizer /
- Meta-analysis
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图 1 外源有机物投入对中国小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响
虚线代表效应值 ln RR ++=0; 括号内数字为样本数; 点和误差线分别代表效应值及95%的置信区间, 如果95%的置信区间没有跨越零线表示处理与对照间存在显著差异, 若亚组各水平95%置信区间横线之间无重叠, 则认为不同水平间存在差异显著的统计学关联。The dashed line represents the effect value (ln RR ++)=0; numbers in parentheses are sample sizes. Points and error lines represent the effect value and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. If the 95% confidence intervals do not cross the zero line, there is a significant difference between the treatment and the control. If there is no overlap between the horizontal lines of the 95% confidence intervals for a certain subgroup, there is a statistically significant correlation of differences between the factors.
Figure 1. Effects of exogenous organic materials on yield and grain protein content in China
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图 2 秸秆还田下不同处理对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响
虚线代表效应值 (ln RR ++)=0; 括号内数字为样本数。点和误差线分别代表效应值及95%的置信区间, 如果95%的置信区间没有跨越零线表示处理与对照间存在显著差异, 若亚组各水平95%置信区间横线之间无重叠, 则认为不同水平间存在差异显著的统计学关联。WR: 麦稻; WM: 麦玉; R: 水稻; M: 玉米; W: 小麦。The dashed line represents the effect value (ln RR++)=0; numbers in parentheses are sample sizes. Points and error lines represent the effect value and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. If the 95% confidence intervals do not cross the zero line, there is a significant difference between the treatment and the control. If there is no overlap between the horizontal lines of the 95% confidence intervals for a certain subgroup, there is a statistically significant correlation of differences between the factors. WR: wheat and rice; WM: wheat and maize; R: rice; M: maize; W: wheat.
Figure 2. Effects of different straw returning treatments on wheat grain protein content
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图 3 有机肥和无机肥下不同处理对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响
虚线代表效应值 ln RR ++ =0; 括号内数字为样本数。点和误差线分别代表效应值及95%的置信区间,如果95%的置信区间没有跨越零线表示处理与对照间存在显著差异, 若亚组各水平95%置信区间横线之间无重叠, 则认为不同水平间存在差异显著的统计学关联。The dashed line represents the effect value (ln RR++)=0; numbers in parentheses are sample sizes. Points and error lines represent the effect value and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. If the 95% confidence intervals do not cross the zero line, there is a significant difference between the treatment and the control. If there is no overlap between the horizontal lines of the 95% confidence intervals for a certain subgroup, there is a statistically significant correlation of differences between the factors.
Figure 3. Effects of different treatments of organic and inorganic fertilizers on wheat grain protein content
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图 4 有机肥替代下不同处理对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响
虚线代表效应值 ln RR ++ =0; 括号内数字为样本数, 点和误差线分别代表效应值及95%的置信区间,如果95%的置信区间没有跨越零线表示处理与对照间存在显著差异, 若亚组各水平95%置信区间横线之间无重叠, 则认为不同水平间存在差异显著的统计学关联。The dashed line represents the effect value (ln RR++)=0; numbers in parentheses are sample sizes. Points and error lines represent the effect value and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. If the 95% confidence intervals do not cross the zero line, there is a significant difference between the treatment and the control. If there is no overlap between the horizontal lines of the 95% confidence intervals for a certain subgroup, there is a statistically significant correlation of differences between the factors.
Figure 4. Effects of different treatments on wheat grain protein content under organic fertilizer substitution
表 1 有机物料还田下小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响因素分类
Table 1 Classification of factors influencing wheat grain protein content under organic material return
有机物料
Organic material亚组 Subgroup 类别 Category 秸秆还田
Straw returning施氮量
Nitrogen rate
/(kg·hm−2)<100 (14) 101~150 (8) 151~200 (12) 201~250 (15) 251~300 (20) 301~350 (7) 秸秆还田量
Straw return amount
/(kg·hm−2)<4 501 (3) 4 501~9 000 (20) >9 000 (3) 秸秆类型
Straw type小麦 Wheat (25) 玉米 Maize (18) 水稻 Rice (14) 小麦+玉米周年
Wheat+maize anniversary (14)小麦+水稻周年
Wheat+rice anniversary (3)土壤本底有机质含量
Soil baseline organic matter content /(g·kg−1)<11 (6) 11~15 (27) 16~20 (21) >20 (14) 年均温
Average annual temperature
/℃10~15 (14) 16~20 (46) 21~25 (3) >25 (10) 年均降雨量
Average annual precipitation
/mm<400 (14) 400~800 (21) >800 (28) 有机肥
Organic fertilizer施氮量
Nitrogen rate
/(kg·hm−2)<100 (13) 101~150 (12) 151~200 (11) 201~250 (18) 251~300 (10) 301~350 (8) 土壤本底有机质含量
Soil baseline organic matter content /(g·kg−1)<11 (16) 11~15 (39) >20 (7) 年均温
Average annual temperature
/℃10~15 (4) 16~20 (56) 21~25 (3) 年均降雨量
Average annual precipitation
/mm<400 (5) 400~800 (58) >800 (3) 括号内数据为样本数。Data in parentheses are sample numbers. 
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