口粮与利润导向如何影响稻农生物农药施用行为 兼论环境意识的调节作用

宋聪聪; 罗小锋; 孙彬涵; 黄炎忠; 唐林

doi:10.12357/cjea.20240288

口粮与利润导向如何影响稻农生物农药施用行为兼论环境意识的调节作用

宋聪聪^{1, 2,},
罗小锋^{1, 2, ,},
孙彬涵^{1, 2},
黄炎忠³,
唐林³

1.
华中农业大学经济管理学院　武汉　430070
2.
湖北农村发展研究中心　武汉　430070
3.
武汉工程大学法商学院　武汉　430205

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(72073048, 72203125, 72203163)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662022JGYJ001)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
宋聪聪, 研究方向为农业资源与环境经济。E-mail: sccuer@163.com

通讯作者:
罗小锋, 研究方向为农业资源与环境经济。E-mail: luoxiaofeng@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号: F323.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-21
- 录用日期: 2024-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-23
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-09

How do rations and profits orientations affect rice farmers’ biological pesticide application behavior: Concurrently discussing the regulating effect of environmental awareness

SONG Congcong^{1, 2,},
LUO Xiaofeng^{1, 2, ,},
SUN Binhan^{1, 2},
HUANG Yanzhong³,
TANG Lin³

1.
College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2.
Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
3.
Law and Business School of Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72073048, 72203125, 72203163) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662022JGYJ001).

More Information

Corresponding author:
LUO Xiaofeng: E-mail: luoxiaofeng@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
本文探讨了农业农村绿色发展背景下, 种粮目的对稻农生物农药施用行为的作用机制以及环境意识在其中的调节作用。基于2021年湖北省1103份稻农微观调研数据, 从口粮和利润视角分析稻农生物农药施用行为的影响调节机理, 并将环境效用纳入了稻农行为理论分析框架, 采用Logit模型进一步分析种粮目的和环境意识对稻农生物农药施用行为的影响及其异质性。研究发现: 1)口粮导向和利润导向的稻农施用生物农药行为存在显著差异。利润型稻农更倾向于施用生物农药。2)环境意识对稻农生物农药施用行为具有显著正向影响, 农药认知能够显著促进利润型稻农的生物农药施用行为, 而环保态度对口粮型稻农生物农药施用行为的影响更加显著。3)不同资本禀赋稻农的生物农药施用行为存在显著差异。环保态度对高教育水平稻农生物农药施用行为的影响更显著, 而农药认知的正向调节作用存在于低教育水平稻农中; 环保态度对低收入水平稻农生物农药施用行为的影响更显著, 农药认知和环保态度的调节作用也存在于低收入水平稻农中; 环保态度对土地细碎化程度较低的稻农生物农药施用行为的影响更显著, 而农药认知的正向调节作用存在于土地细碎化程度较高的稻农中。据此, 本文提出要根据稻农种植目的制定相应的生物农药推广措施, 制定阶段性生物农药培训内容, 提高稻农对生物农药的认知, 加强稻农的环保意识, 打造农业技术交流平台, 进而促进稻农施用生物农药。
- 生物农药 /
- 种粮目的 /
- 口粮型稻农 /
- 利润型稻农 /
- 环境意识 /
- 农药认知 /
- 环保态度
Abstract:
The effect of grain cultivation purposes on the application of biological pesticides by rice farmers has implications for the moderating role of environmental awareness in the context of the green development of agriculture and rural areas. Based on 1103 micro-survey data of rice farmers in Hubei Province in 2021, the influencing and moderating mechanisms of the application behavior of biological pesticides by rice farmers were analyzed from the perspectives of food rationing and profits. The theoretical analysis framework of rice farmers’ behavior incorporated environmental utility. The Logit model was used to analyze the influence and heterogeneity of the purpose of grain cultivation and environmental awareness on the application behavior of biological pesticides in rice farmers. The study found that: 1) There were significant differences in the application behavior of biological pesticides by rice farmers with different purposes of grain cultivation, namely, those oriented towards food rationing and those oriented towards profit making. Profit-oriented rice farmers were more inclined to use biological pesticides. 2) Environmental awareness had a significant positive impact on rice farmers’ application of biological pesticides. Pesticide cognition significantly promoted the application of biological pesticides by profit-oriented rice farmers, while environmental protection attitudes had a more significant impact on the application behavior of biological pesticides by rice farmers more inclined to food rationing. 3) Significant differences in the application of biological pesticides were observed among rice farmers with different capital endowments. Environmental protection attitude had a more significant impact on the application of biological pesticide by rice farmers with high level of education, while a positive moderating effect of pesticide cognition existed among rice farmers with low level of education. Environmental protection attitude had a more significant impact on the biological pesticide application behavior of rice farmers with low-income level, and the moderating effects of pesticide cognition and environmental protection attitude also existed among rice farmers with low-income level. Environmental protection attitude had a more significant impact on the application behavior of biological pesticides by rice farmers with a low degree of land fragmentation, whereas a positive moderating effect of pesticide cognition existed among rice farmers with high degree of land fragmentation. Based on this, this study proposes formulating corresponding promotional measures for biological pesticides according to the planting purposes of rice farmers, formulating phased training on biological pesticides, improving rice farmers’ cognition of biological pesticides, strengthening their environmental awareness, and building an agricultural technology exchange platform to promote the application of biological pesticides by rice farmers.
- Biological pesticide /
- Purpose of grain production /
- Food ration-oriented rice farmer /
- Profit-oriented rice farmer /
- Environmental awareness /
- Pesticide cognition /
- Environmental protection attitude

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图 1 核心变量对稻农生物农药施用行为的影响机制

Figure 1. Mechanism of influences of core variables on rice farmers’ biological pesticide application behavior

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表 1 样本稻农特征情况

Table 1 Characteristics of sample rice farmers

特征 Characteristics	分类 Sort	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion (%)	特征 Characteristics	分类 Sort	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion (%)
年龄 Age	<50	121	10.97	水稻种植面积 Rice planting area (hm²)	<0.67	534	48.41
	50~60	435	39.44		0.67~2.00	350	31.73
	60~70	359	32.55		2.00~3.33	120	10.88
	≥70	188	17.04		≥3.33	99	8.98
受教育年限 Education years (a)	<7	461	41.80	家庭年收入 Annual household income (×10⁴ ¥)	<5	486	44.06
	7~9	302	27.38		5~10	417	37.81
	10~12	167	15.14		10~15	180	16.32
	≥12	173	15.68		≥15	20	1.81
兼业 Part-time work	是 Yes	310	28.11	干部身份 Cadre status	是 Yes	163	14.78
兼业 Part-time work	否 No	793	71.89	干部身份 Cadre status	否 No	940	85.22

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表 2 变量定义及描述性统计结果

Table 2 Variable definition and descriptive statistical results

变量类型 Variable type	变量名称 Variable name	变量定义及赋值 Variable definition and assignment	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
被解释变量Explained variable	生物农药施用 Biopesticide application	2020年您在实际生产中是否施用生物农药? 1=是; 0 =否 Did you use biological pesticides in your actual crop production in 2020? 1=yes; 0=no	0.73	0.44
解释变量 Explaining variable	种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	2020年您家水稻的商品化率是否大于0.5? 1=利润型; 0=口粮型 Is the commercialization rate of rice production in your household greater than 0.5 in 2020? 1=profit type; 0=ration type	0.83	0.37
	农药认知 Pesticide cognition	您购买农药产品时是否关注农药的“毒性”和“残留”情况: 1=不关注“毒性”和“残留”; 2=关注“毒性”或“残留”; 3=关注“毒性”和“残留” Whether are you concerned about the “toxicity” and “residue” of pesticides when purchasing pesticide products: 1=not concern “toxicity” and “residue”; 2=concern “toxicity” or “residue”; 3=concern “toxicity” and “residue”	1.83	0.85
	环保态度 Environmental protection attitude	即使牺牲部分经济利益, 我也要保护环境: 1=完全不同意; 2=比较不同意; 3=一般; 4=比较同意; 5=完全同意 I want to protect the environment even if I sacrifice some of my economic benefits: 1=not agree at all; 2=less agree; 3=general; 4=more agree; 5=full agree	3.53	1.06
控制变量 Control variable	年龄 Age	受访者年龄 Respondent age	59.76	9.42
	受教育水平 Education level	受访者实际受教育年限 Respondents’ actual years of education (a)	7.41	3.42
	兼业 Part-time work	1=是; 0=否 1=yes; 0=no	0.28	0.45
	技术培训 Technical training	是否参加过绿色防控相关技术培训? 1=是; 0=否 Have you participated in technical training on green prevention and control? 1=yes; 0=no	0.23	0.42
	水稻种植面积 Rice planting area	水稻种植面积 Rice planting area (hm²)	1.89	6.71
	干部身份 Cadre status	是否担任过干部? 1=是; 0=否 Have you ever served as a cadre? 1=yes; 0=no	0.15	0.36
	家庭年收入 Annual household income	2021年家庭总收入 Total household income in 2021 (×10⁴ ¥)	10.45	22.05
	产品质量监管 Product quality supervision	产品在销售时是否经过相关监管部门的质量检查? 1=是; 0=否 Is the product quality checked by the relevant regulatory authority when you saled the product? 1=yes; 0=no	0.44	0.50
	市场处罚 Market penalty	被发现存在农产品质量问题后是否会受到市场处罚? 1=是; 0 =否 Will you be punished by the market if you are found to have quality problems? 1=yes; 0=no	0.33	0.47

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表 3 不同类型稻农的生物农药施用行为选择

Table 3 Selection of biological pesticide application behavior of different types of rice farmers

种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	选择不施用生物农药 Choose not to apply biological pesticides		选择施用生物农药 Choose to apply biological pesticides
种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion (%)	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion (%)
利润型 Profit type	194	21.13	724	78.87
口粮型 Ration type	100	54.05	85	45.95
皮尔逊测试χ² Pearson test χ²	85.358^***
***: P<0.01.

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表 4 稻农生物农药施用行为影响因素回归结果

Table 4 Regression results of factors influencing biological pesticide application behavior of rice farmers

变量名称 Variable name	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2
种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	0.197^*** (0.028)	0.158^*** (0.028)
农药认知 Pesticide cognition	—	0.117^*** (0.015)
环保态度 Environmental protection attitude	—	0.030^*** (0.011)
年龄 Age	−0.001 (0.001)	−0.000 (0.001)
受教育水平 Education level	0.010^*** (0.004)	0.007^* (0.004)
兼业 Part-time work	0.040 (0.031)	0.036 (0.029)
技术培训 Technical training	0.139^*** (0.036)	0.131^*** (0.035)
水稻种植面积 Rice planting area	−0.001 (0.004)	−0.001 (0.004)
干部身份 Cadre status	0.041 (0.042)	0.006 (0.041)
家庭年收入 Annual household income	0.001 (0.001)	−0.001 (0.001)
产品质量监管 Product quality supervision	0.084^*** (0.027)	0.088^*** (0.026)
市场处罚 Market penalty	0.009 (0.027)	0.029 (0.026)
样本量 Sample size	1103	1103
似然比卡方值 LR chi²	134.26^***	201.19^***
伪R² Pseudo R²	0.1050	0.1573
: P<0.1; **: P<0.01.

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表 5 种粮目的与环境意识对稻农生物农药施用行为影响的稳健性检验结果

Table 5 Robustness test results of the impact of grain cultivation purpose and environmental awareness on biological pesticide application behavior of rice farmers

变量名称 Variable name	模型3 (Logit模型) Model 3 (Logit model)	模型4 (稻农<65岁) Model 4 (farmer younger than 65)	模型5 (Probit模型) Model 5 (Probit model)
种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	0.158^*** (0.028)	0.117^*** (0.036)	0.165^*** (0.030)
农药认知 Pesticide cognition	0.117^*** (0.015)	0.136^*** (0.017)	0.117^*** (0.015)
环保态度 Environmental protection attitude	0.030^*** (0.011)	0.023^* (0.013)	0.031^** (0.011)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
样本量 Sample size	1103	731	1103
伪R² Pseudo R²	0.1573	0.1825	0.1574
: P<0.1; : P<0.05; **: P<0.01.

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表 6 稻农不同种粮目的下环境意识对稻农生物农药施用行为影响因素回归结果

Table 6 Regression results of influencing factors of environmental awareness on biological pesticide application behavior of rice farmers with different grain cultivation purposes

变量 Variable name	模型6 (全样本) Model 6 (full sample)	模型7 (利润型) Model 7 (profit type)	模型8 (口粮型) Model 8 (ration type)
种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	0.183^*** (0.031)	—	—
农药认知 Pesticide cognition	0.119^*** (0.015)	0.124^*** (0.016)	0.051 (0.046)
环保态度 Environmental protection attitude	0.028^** (0.011)	0.019 (0.012)	0.087^** (0.031)
种粮目的×农药认知 Grain cultivation purpose × pesticide cognition	0.092^*** (0.039)	—	—
种粮目的×环保态度 Grain cultivation purpose × environmental protection attitude	−0.049^* (0.027)	—	—
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
样本量 Sample size	1103	918	185
伪R² Pseudo R²	0.1635	0.1142	0.1394
: P<0.1; : P<0.05; **: P<0.01.

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表 7 基于稻农受教育水平的不同种粮目的下环境意识对稻农生物农药施用行为影响的异质性分析

Table 7 Heterogeneity analysis of influence of environmental awareness on biological pesticide application behavior of rice farmers with different grain cultivation purposes based on education level of rice farmers

变量名称 Variable name	模型9 (教育年限<9年) Model 9 (education years < 9 years)	模型10 (教育年限≥9年) Model 10 (education years ≥ 9 years)
种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	0.212^*** (0.046)	0.171^*** (0.041)
农药认知 Pesticide cognition	0.137^*** (0.023)	0.103^*** (0.199)
环保态度 Environmental protection attitude	0.027 (0.019)	0.030^* (0.014)
种粮目的×农药认知 Grain cultivation purpose × pesticide cognition	0.163^*** (0.060)	0.018 (0.050)
种粮目的×环保态度 Grain cultivation purpose × environmental protection attitude	−0.062 (0.042)	−0.029 (0.035)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
样本量 Sample size	561	542
似然比卡方值 LR chi²	106.44^***	86.20^***
伪R² Pseudo R²	0.1496	0.1584
: P<0.1; **: P<0.01.

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表 8 基于稻农经济水平的不同种粮目的下环境意识对稻农生物农药施用行为影响异质性分析

Table 8 Heterogeneity analysis influence of environmental awareness on biological pesticide application behavior of rice farmers with different grain cultivation purposes based on economic level of rice farmers

变量名称 Variable name	模型11 (收入<10.45×10⁴ ¥) Model 11 (income < 10.45×10⁴ ¥)	模型12 (收入≥10.45×10⁴ ¥) Model 12 (income ≥ 10.45×10⁴ ¥)
种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	0.167^*** (0.038)	0.165^*** (0.066)
农药认知 Pesticide cognition	0.107^*** (0.019)	0.140^*** (0.026)
环保态度 Environmental protection attitude	0.029^** (0.014)	0.024 (0.020)
种粮目的×农药认知 Grain cultivation purpose × pesticide cognition	0.106^** (0.046)	0.027 (0.081)
种粮目的×环保态度 Grain cultivation purpose × environmental protection attitude	−0.059^* (0.032)	−0.039 (0.056)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
样本量 Sample size	794	309
似然比卡方值 LR chi²	142.25^***	74.98^***
伪R² Pseudo R²	0.1524	0.2175
: P<0.1; : P<0.05; **: P<0.01.

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表 9 基于稻农土地细碎化程度的不同种粮目的下环境意识对稻农生物农药施用行为影响异质性分析

Table 9 Heterogeneity analysis of influence of environmental awareness on biological pesticide application behavior of rice farmers with different grain cultivation purposes based on the degree of land fragmentation of rice farmers

变量名称 Variable name	模型13 (地块面积<0.075 hm²) Model 13 (parcel area < 0.075 hm²)	模型14 (地块面积≥0.075 hm²) Model 14 (parcel area ≥ 0.075 hm²)
种粮目的 Grain cultivation purpose	0.171^*** (0.061)	0.144^*** (0.039)
农药认知 Pesticide cognition	0.119^*** (0.033)	0.114^*** (0.017)
环保态度 Environmental protection attitude	0.013 (0.026)	0.030^** (0.013)
种粮目的×农药认知 Grain cultivation purpose × pesticide cognition	0.146^** (0.072)	0.076 (0.050)
种粮目的×环保态度 Grain cultivation purpose × environmental protection attitude	−0.066 (0.047)	−0.027 (0.037)
控制变量 Control variable	已控制 Controlled	已控制 Controlled
样本量 Sample size	294	809
似然比卡方值 LR chi²	105.42^***	100.19^***
伪R² Pseudo R²	0.2685	0.1168
: P<0.05; *: P<0.01.

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