Distribution characteristics of carbon storage in forest ecosystems in typical watersheds of Taihang Mountains Basin
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摘要:
森林生态系统是陆地生态系统的主要碳库, 准确评估其碳储量, 探明其分布特征对区域碳汇管理及生态修复具有重要意义。本文以太行山区典型流域—柳林河流域的森林生态系统为研究对象, 基于样地清查法, 对区域内森林生态系统碳密度和碳储量分布特征展开研究。结果表明: 1) 柳林河流域森林生态系统碳密度为20.80 kg·m−2, 碳储量为2.95×106 t(C); 2)在空间上, 随海拔升高森林生态系统碳密度由15.12 kg·m−2持续增加到27.34 kg·m−2, 碳储量呈先增大后降低的变化趋势, 并于700~900 m海拔处达最大, 阴坡平均碳密度和碳储量均高于阳坡; 3)在垂直组成上, 灌木林与阔叶林中土壤层(0~100 cm)碳储量分别占森林总碳储量的77.87%和51.41%, 而在针叶林中植被层碳储量占主导地位, 占比为53.89%, 各林型中土壤层碳密度和碳储量均随土壤深度的增加而减少, 表层土壤(0~20 cm)碳储量占土壤层(0~100 cm)总碳储量的69.91%。柳林河流域森林生态系统碳密度与全国森林生态系统平均碳密度仍存在一定差距, 未来应继续加强该区域特别是低海拔以及阳坡区域森林的经营管理和表层土壤的保护修复, 以提升森林固碳增汇能力。该研究可为太行山流域碳储量评估、生态修复及多因素分析提供数据和理论支撑。
Abstract:Forest ecosystems constitute the main carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems. It is of great significance to accurately assess the carbon storage of forest ecosystems and determine their distribution characteristics for regional carbon sink management, the scientific formulation of ecological environment protection and land use policies, the promotion of regional low-carbon sustainable development, and the realization of “carbon neutrality”. In this study, the forest ecosystem of the Liulin River Basin, a typical watershed in the Taihang Mountain region, was used as the research object. Based on the sampled land inventory method, the distribution characteristics of carbon density and storage in the forest ecosystems in the region were studied. The results showed that: 1) The carbon density of the forest ecosystem in the Liulin River Basin was 20.80 kg·m−2, and the carbon storage was 2.95 × 106 t(C). 2) Spatially, the carbon density of forest ecosystems showed an increasing trend with increasing altitude. The carbon density continued to increase from 15.12 kg·m−2 to 27.34 kg·m−2 with altitude. The carbon storage initially showed an increasing trend, thereafter decreasing with an increase in altitude, reaching the maximum at an altitude of 700−900 m. Additionally, the average carbon density and the carbon storage of the shady slope was higher than that of the sunny slope. 3) In terms of vertical composition, the carbon storage in the 0−100 cm soil layer in the shrubwood and broad-leaved forests accounted for 77.87% and 51.41% of the total carbon storage in the forest ecosystem, respectively, whereas carbon storage in the vegetation layer was dominant in the coniferous forest, accounting for 53.89%. In coniferous and broad-leaved forests, the carbon density and carbon storage of the tree layer were higher than those of the other vegetation layers. Carbon density and carbon storage in the soil layer of each forest type decreased with increasing soil depth, and carbon storage in the surface soil (0−20 cm) accounted for 69.91% of the total carbon storage in the 0−100 cm soil layer. A gap remains between the carbon density of forest ecosystems in the Liulin River Basin and the average carbon density of forest ecosystems in China. The management of forest ecosystems and the protection and restoration of surface soil in this region, especially in low-altitude and sunny slope areas, will need to be strengthened to enhance forest carbon sequestration and sink capacity. This study not only provides data and theoretical support for carbon storage assessment, ecological restoration, and multi-factor analysis in the Taihang Mountains, but also provides a data and theoretical basis for the management and afforestation of forest ecosystems and carbon sequestration in the Taihang Mountains and similar regions.
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图 2 柳林河流域不同森林类型土壤层与植被层碳密度
Figure 2. Carbon density of soil and vegetation layers of different forest types in the Liulin River Basin
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图 3 柳林河流域不同森林类型各植被层碳密度
Figure 3. Carbon density of each vegetation layer of different forest types in the Liulin River Basin
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图 4 柳林河流域不同森林类型不同深度土层碳密度
Figure 4. Carbon density of soil layer at different depths of different forest types in the Liulin River Basin
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图 5 柳林河流域不同森林类型土壤层与植被层碳储量
Figure 5. Carbon storage of soil and vegetation layers of different forest types in the Liulin River Basin
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图 6 柳林河流域不同森林类型各植被层碳储量
Figure 6. Carbon storage of vegetation layers of different forest types in the Liulin River Basin
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图 7 柳林河流域不同森林类型不同深度土壤层碳储量
Figure 7. Carbon storage of soil layers at different depths of different forest types in the Liulin River Basin
表 1 太行山典型流域不同海拔阴坡与阳坡碳密度
Table 1 Carbon density of shady slope and sunny slope at different altitudes in typical watersheds of Taihang Mountains Basin
kg·m−2 坡向
Slope aspect海拔 Altitude (m) 总流域 Whole basin 300~500 500~700 700~900 900~1100 1100~1300 阴坡 Shady slope 20.15 19.35 19.27 35.84 37.76 26.47 阳坡 Sunny slope 10.08 19.61 18.29 10.85 16.91 15.15 平均 Mean 15.12 19.48 18.78 23.35 27.34 20.80 
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表 2 柳林河流域不同海拔阴坡与阳坡碳储量
Table 2 Carbon storage on shady slopes and sunny slopes at different altitudes in the Liulin River Basin
t(C) 坡向
Slope aspect海拔 Altitude (m) 合计 Total 300~500 500~700 700~900 900~1100 1100~1300 阴坡 Shady slope 6.14×104 2.58×105 4.71×105 5.72×105 3.41×105 1.70×106 阳坡 Sunny slope 3.07×104 2.62×105 4.47×105 1.91×105 3.17×105 1.25×106 合计 Total 9.21×104 5.20×105 9.17×105 7.63×105 6.58×105 2.95×106
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