有机农业采纳会促进农户增收吗?基于新疆枣农的实证分析

Can organic agriculture adoption promote farmers’ income?A case study of jujube growers in Xinjiang

  • 摘要: 有机农业采纳能否促进农户增收, 是促进有机农业推广和推动中国农业绿色发展的关键。文中基于新疆地区451份枣农的实地调查数据, 采用内生转换回归模型实证检验有机农业采纳对农户的增收效应及其作用机制, 并进一步采用分组回归探究了有机农业采纳对农户增收效应的异质性。结果表明: 1)有机农业采纳能够显著增加枣农的收入, 已采纳有机农业枣农若放弃采纳, 其收入下降48.65%; 未采纳有机农业枣农若采纳, 其收入提高53.57%。2)有机农业采纳对枣农的增收效应存在明显的异质性, 采纳有机农业对于来自国家有机产品示范创建区、参与契约农业、文化程度较高和种植规模较大枣农的增收效应更明显。为此, 可通过有机红枣产业发展促进农户增收, 考虑采纳有机农业对不同枣农增收效应的异质性, 政府可鼓励枣农通过土地流转等方式扩大有机红枣种植规模, 提高枣农契约农业参与率, 加大有机产品认证示范区的创建力度, 改善有机农业采纳对枣农的增收效应。

     

    Abstract: Organic agriculture is one of the most popular sustainable agricultural production methods and has become an important measure for the realization of green, high-quality agriculture and rural revitalization in China. Farmers are rational decision-makers, and whether the adoption of organic agriculture can increase farmer incomes is critical to the promotion of organic agriculture and the achievement of green agricultural development in China. However, there is no consensus regarding this challenge. To provide evidence supporting the promotion of organic agriculture, the effects of organic agricultural adoption on farmer incomes must be empirically evaluated. We selected Aksu, Kashgar, Bazhou, and Hotan in southern Xinjiang as the study area, where agroecological conditions, climate, and level of economic development are relatively homogeneous. Considering the selectivity bias introduced by unobservable variables, we applied the endogenous transformation regression (ESR) model to scientifically test the income-increasing effect of organic agricultural adoption by farmers. In addition, we used group regression to explore the heterogeneity of the income-increasing effect of organic agricultural adoption, based on the field survey data of 451 jujube farmers in Xinjiang. The empirical results showed that the adoption of organic agriculture can significantly increase the income of jujube farmers. If jujube farmers, who adopted organic agriculture, do not adopt organic agriculture, their income would decrease by 48.65%. If jujube farmers, who not adopted organic agriculture, adopt organic agriculture, their income would increase by 53.57%. Moreover, significant heterogeneity was evident in the income-increasing effect of organic agriculture among jujube farmers. For those farmers with higher education levels and larger farms who participated in contract agriculture within national certified organic product demonstration zones, the income-increasing effect of organic agriculture adoption was more significant. Accordingly, to increase farmer incomes through the organic jujube industry, the promotion of organic farming must be strengthened. Considering the heterogeneity of income-increasing effects, the government could encourage jujube farmers to expand their cropped area through land transfer and other means, increase the participation rate in contract agriculture, and extend certified organic product demonstration zones, thus improving the income-increasing effects of adopting organic agriculture among jujube farmers. Although the analysis of data from farmers in Xinjiang can provide a reference for green, sustainable development of agriculture in ecologically fragile oasis areas, the generalizability of its conclusions to other regions is somewhat limited. Next, we intend to expand the scope of the research within the pioneer organic agriculture farming areas and conduct follow-up research with the sample farmers to attain a more in-depth and systematic understanding of the dynamic effect on farmer incomes following adoption of organic agriculture.

     

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