集约化养殖粪尿氮磷分布特征及耕地消纳潜力分析

Distribution of manure-derived nitrogen and phosphorus from intensive livestock farming and their recycling potential

  • 摘要: 分析集约化畜禽养殖场粪尿氮磷排放的空间分布特征, 并定量评估耕地对粪尿养分的消纳能力, 是促进粪尿养分资源合理利用的关键, 也是制定环境保护政策的重要依据。本研究收集了山西省朔州市1576个集约化畜禽养殖场的空间分布数据, 使用NUFER-Animal模型估算了养殖场的畜禽粪尿氮磷产生量; 结合GIS手段分析了粪尿养分的空间分布特征, 描述了粪尿氮磷产生的主要热点区域; 通过遥感手段与GIS空间分析方法分别计算了耕地对粪尿氮磷的消纳程度与消纳半径, 评估了各区县对于粪尿氮磷的消纳潜力。结果表明: 朔州市畜禽粪尿氮磷产生量呈现东高西低的分布特征, 主要集中在市域东部的3个区县, 氮、磷总产生量分别为15.46 Gg、2.16 Gg, 各占总产生量的80.93%、82.16%。全市耕地对于粪尿氮磷的消纳仍有较大潜力, 按就近消纳原则对全部粪尿氮进行消纳, 需要9.94万hm2耕地满负荷承载, 占全市耕地总面积的25.44%; 对粪尿磷而言, 则只需要4.69万hm2耕地满负荷承载, 占比12.00%; 且粪尿氮、磷满负荷承载的耕地主要分布在市域东部的3个区县(怀仁市、应县与山阴县), 分别为8.21万hm2、3.93万hm2, 各占总量的82.69%、83.92%。朔州全市粪尿氮磷绝大部分可以在半径3 km之内进行消纳。研究从畜禽养殖场规模和空间分布与耕地的空间位置关系出发, 构建了一个评价畜禽粪污消纳程度的方法, 能够更加客观地定量评价耕地对于养殖场粪尿氮磷的消纳程度, 可为今后畜牧业的空间布局优化和相关环境政策评价提供科学依据。

     

    Abstract: To promote the rational utilization of manure nutrient resources and provide a reference for environmental protection policies, it is imperative to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) discharged from the manure waste of intensive livestock and poultry farms, as well as quantitatively assess the recycling capacity of manure nutrients by farmland. In this study, the spatial data of 1576 intensive livestock and poultry farms in the area under the administration of Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, were collected. NUFER (NUtrient flows in Food chain, Environment and Resources use) animal model was employed to estimate N and P production from livestock and poultry manure of these farms. The spatial distribution characteristics of manure nutrients were analyzed, and the main hotspots of manure-derived N and P production were delineated using GIS. The recycling levels and radius of manure-derived N and P in farmlands were calculated using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis methods, and the recycling potential of manure-derived N and P in each district and county was evaluated. The production of manure-derived N and P production was high in the east and low in the west in Shuozhou City, predominantly in the three eastern districts/counties, where 15.46 Gg of N and 2.16 Gg of P were produced, accounting for 80.93% and 82.16% of the total production, respectively. Farmland in this area had great potential for recycling manure-derived N and P. According to the principle of “recycling in the neighborhood”, 9.94×104 hm2 of farmland was required for the recycling of the total manure-derived N, which constitutes 25.44% of Shuozhou’s total farmland. Regarding manure-derived P, only 4.69×104 hm2 of farmland was needed for its recycling, accounting for 12.00% of Shuozhou’s total farmland. The farmland with a full load of manure-derived N and P was mainly distributed in Huairen City, Yingxian County, and Shanyin County in the eastern part of Shuozhou, encompassing 8.21×104 hm2 and 3.93×104 hm2 in area and accounting for 82.69% of the total N production and 83.92% of the total P production, respectively. The majority of the manure-derived N and P in Shuozhou area can be consumed within a radius of 3 km. Based on the relationships between the scale and spatial distribution of livestock and poultry farms and the spatial location of farmland, this study developed a method to evaluate the recycling level of livestock and poultry manure for quantifying and assessing the recycling capability of manure-derived N and P from intensive livestock and poultry farms. These findings provide a scientific basis for the spatial arrangement optimization of livestock farms and the evaluation of relevant environmental policies in the future.

     

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