Effects of organic and conventional management on soil carbon sequestration in tea gardens: comparison with forest land
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摘要:
为探究有机和常规管理方式对茶园土壤有机碳的影响, 选择云南省普洱市思茅区常规管理茶园、有机管理茶园和附近自然林地3种典型土地利用类型, 通过测定0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤有机碳(SOC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、非活性有机碳(NLOC)、颗粒态有机碳(POC)和矿物结合态有机碳(MOC)含量, 计算土壤各组分有机碳的分配比例以及土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI), 研究3种土地利用方式下土壤有机碳各组分含量和质量的变化特征。结果显示: 1)常规管理茶园的SOC含量和储量分别比自然林地低48.67%~51.94%和27.25%~35.71% (P<0.05), 而有机管理茶园的SOC含量和储量比常规管理茶园分别高52.09%~62.86%、15.54%~20.26% (P<0.05)。2)常规管理茶园的EOC、NLOC、POC和MOC含量均低于自然林地(P<0.05), 而有机管理茶园的EOC、NLOC、POC和MOC含量比常规管理茶园分别高出46.39%~57.89%、54.24%~66.15%、80.87%~121.01%和40.07%~46.28% (P<0.05)。3)与自然林地相比, 常规管理茶园的POC/SOC、NLOC/SOC较低, 有机管理茶园的POC/SOC、NLOC/SOC则高于常规管理茶园。4)常规管理茶园具有较高的CPAI和较低的CPMI, 常规管理茶园的CPMI比自然林地低24.53%~46.12%, 有机管理茶园的CPMI比常规管理茶园高67.88%~100.33%, 其差异均显著(P<0.05)。以上研究结果表明, 与自然林地相比, 常规管理的茶园土壤有机碳含量和土壤碳库质量下降, 存在一定程度的土地退化, 而有机管理是提高茶园土壤碳库质量的有效措施。
Abstract:To explore the effects of organic and conventional management methods on soil organic carbon in tea gardens, we selected three typical land use types in Simao District, Pu’er City, Yunnan Province to carry out the investigation. The three land use types were a conventionally managed tea garden, an organically managed tea garden, and a nearby natural forest land. Based on the land use types, we measured the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), non-liable organic carbon (NLOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) in 0−20 cm and 20−40 cm soil layers in three sample plots. We estimated the distribution ratio of the different types of organic carbon in soil and the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI), and analyzed the changes of the content of SOC component and quality of soil carbon pool from the selected land use types. The results were as follows: 1) the content and storage of SOC in the 0–40 cm soil layer of the conventionally managed tea garden were significantly lower than those in the natural forest land by 48.67%−51.94% and 27.25%−35.71% (P<0.05), respectively. The content and storage of SOC in the 0−40 cm soil layer of the organically managed tea garden were respectively 52.09%−62.86% and 15.54%−20.26% higher than those in the conventionally managed tea garden (P<0.05). 2) In the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers, the contents of EOC, NLOC, POC, and MOC in the soils from the tea garden under conventional management were significantly lower than those from the natural forest land (P<0.05). The contents of EOC, NLOC, POC, and MOC in the soils from the organically managed tea garden were significantly higher than those from the conventionally managed tea garden (P<0.05), which were higher by 46.39%–57.89%, 54.24%–66.15%, 80.87%–121.01%, and 40.07%–46.28%, respectively. 3) The POC/SOC and NLOC/SOC of the tea garden under conventional management were lower than those of natural forest land, while the POC/SOC and NLOC/SOC of organically managed tea garden were higher than those of conventionally managed tea garden. 4) Conventionally managed tea gardens had high CPAI and low CPMI. The CPMI of conventionally managed tea garden was 24.53%−46.12% lower than that of the natural forest land (P<0.05), and the CPMI of organically managed tea garden was 67.88%−100.33% higher than that of conventionally managed tea garden (P<0.05). The aforementioned results showed that when compared with natural forest land, the reclamation of tea plantations with conventional management measures can reduce SOC content and soil carbon pool quality, resulting in a certain degree of land degradation. Given the limitations of conventional management, organic management is an effective measure for improving the quality of the soil carbon pool in tea plantations.
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图 1 不同样地类型不同深度土壤各组分有机碳含量和储量
NF: 自然林地; CM: 常规管理茶园; OM: 有机管理茶园。SOC: 土壤有机碳; EOC: 土壤易氧化有机碳; NLOC: 土壤非活性有机碳; POC: 土壤颗粒态有机碳; MOC: 土壤矿物结合态有机碳。不同小写字母表示同种有机碳组分在同一土层不同样地间差异显著(P<0.05)。NF: natural forest land; CM: conventionally managed tea garden; OM: organically managed tea garden. SOC: soil organic carbon; EOC: soil easily oxidizable organic carbon; NLOC: soil non-liable organic carbon; POC: soil particulate organic carbon; MOC: soil mineral-associated organic carbon. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of the same organic carbon component in the same soil layer among different plots (P<0.05).
Figure 1. Soil organic carbon contents and storages of each component in different soil layers of different sample plot types
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图 2 不同样地类型不同深度土壤各组分有机碳分配比例
NF: 自然林地; CM: 常规管理茶园; OM: 有机管理茶园。SOC: 土壤有机碳; EOC: 土壤易氧化有机碳; NLOC: 土壤非活性有机碳; POC: 土壤颗粒态有机碳; MOC: 土壤矿物结合态有机碳。不同小写字母表示同种有机碳组分分配比例在同一土层不同样地间差异显著(P<0.05)。NF: natural forest land; CM: conventionally managed tea garden; OM: organically managed tea garden. SOC: soil organic carbon; EOC: soil easily oxidizable organic carbon; NLOC: soil non-liable organic carbon; POC: soil particulate organic carbon; MOC: soil mineral-associated organic carbon. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of proportion of same soil carbon fraction in the same soil layer among different plots (P<0.05).
Figure 2. Proportion of different soil carbon fractions in different soil layers from different sample plot types
表 1 样地基本信息
Table 1 Basic information of the sample plots
样地类型
Sample plot type地理坐标
Geographic coordinate海拔
Altitude
(m)土壤pH
Soil pH土壤容重
Soil bulk density (g·cm−3)基本概况
Basic information自然林地
Natural forest land22°71′65′′N;
101°06′48′′E1538.5 4.73 0.96 思茅松(Pinus kesiyas)和西南桦(Betula alnoides)混交林, 林龄超过30年, 林下植被种类丰富, 覆盖度在80%左右
It is a mixed forest of Pinus kesiyas and Betula alnoides with rich understory vegetation species, the forest age is older than 30 years, and the coverage rate is about 80%常规管理茶园
Conventionally managed tea garden22°71′65′′N;
101°06′48′′E1542.3 3.83 1.32 茶龄为20年, 常规管理年限为20年; 每年翻耕、打剪各一次, 施肥两次; 施用茶园常用复合肥, 用除草剂和杀虫剂治理病虫害
The age of the tea trees is 20 years, and the conventional management period is 20 years. The ploughing and cutting are once a year, and the fertilization is twice a year. Compound fertilizer is commonly used, and herbicides and insecticides are used to control diseases and pests有机管理茶园
Organically managed tea garden22°71′47′′N;
101°06′49′′E1541.7 4.07 0.99 茶龄为20年, 常规管理年限为14年, 有机管理年限为6年, 每年翻耕、打剪各一次, 施肥两次; 施用有机肥, 用粘虫板捕虫, 定期进行人工除草, 不施用任何化学药品和激素类物质; 已获得中国、美国和欧盟有机认证
The age of the tea trees is 20 years. The conventional management period is 14 years, and the organic management period is 6 years. The tillage and cutting are once a year, and the fertilization is twice a year. Organic fertilizer is applied, insects are caught using insect sticky, and weeding is done regularly by hand. There is no chemicals and hormone substances applied. The tea garden has obtained the organic certification from China, United States of America and the European Union
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表 2 不同样地类型的土壤碳库管理指数
Table 2 Soil carbon pool management index in different sample plot types
土层深度 Soil layer (cm) 样地类型 Sample plot type CPA CPI CPAI CPMI 0~20 NF 0.32±0.07a 1.00a 1.00a 100a CM 0.38±0.07a 0.51±0.04b 1.20±0.22a 53.88±4.41b OM 0.36±0.10a 0.88±0.18a 1.14±0.30a 107.94±8.93a 20~40 NF 0.38±0.06b 1.00a 1.00b 100b CM 0.66±0.06a 0.47±0.04c 1.73±0.15a 75.47±9.51c OM 0.63±0.04a 0.77±0.09b 1.65±0.09a 126.70±13.26a NF: 自然林地; CM: 常规管理茶园; OM: 有机管理茶园。CPA: 碳库活度; CPI: 碳库指数; CPAI: 碳库活度指数; CPMI: 碳库管理指数。不同小写字母表示同一土层深度的同一指标在不同样地间差异显著(P<0.05)。NF: natural forest land; CM: conventionally managed tea garden; OM: organically managed tea garden. CPA: carbon pool activity; CPI: carbon pool index; CPAI: carbon pool activity index; CPMI: carbon pool management index. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of the same index in the same soil layer among different plots (P<0.05).
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