基于GIS的福建芙蓉李气候适宜性区划

Climatic suitability regionalization of Furong plums based on GIS in Fujian Province

  • 摘要: 为合理利用气候资源, 科学规划芙蓉李的种植布局, 基于福建省67个地面气象观测站1971—2018年的气象资料、2005—2014年芙蓉李面积和产量资料以及地理信息数据, 采用GIS技术开展福建芙蓉李气候适宜性区划。根据福建省的气候特点和芙蓉李生长的环境条件, 构建福建芙蓉李气候适宜性区划指标体系; 采用层次分析法和熵权法确定各区划指标的权重; 通过多元线性回归分析, 建立区划指标与经度、纬度、海拔高度的地理推算模型; 采用加权求和法, 计算芙蓉李气候适宜性指数; 根据福建芙蓉李气候适宜性指数的分布规律、芙蓉李种植生长的实际情况和实地调查情况, 以及限制芙蓉李生长的区划指标的区划结果, 将芙蓉李在福建的气候适宜性区域划分为适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区3个等级; 基于福建芙蓉李的种植现状和李果的单产高低, 对区划结果进行验证。结果表明: 适宜区主要集中在龙岩北部, 三明、南平和宁德3市的大部分地区以及福州北部这些中高海拔地区; 次适宜区主要分布在福建省中部的武平、漳平至罗源一带; 不适宜区主要集中在南部和东南部沿海这些低海拔地区以及北部山区的高海拔地区。区划结果与福建芙蓉李的种植现状和李果的单产高低吻合性高。研究结果可为福建芙蓉李的种植布局提供决策参考。

     

    Abstract: Fujian is located on the southeast coast of China, where superior climatic resources create conditions for the cultivation of Furong plums. However, the topography of Fujian is complex, the climate is changeable, and meteorological disasters in Fujian are of many different types and characterized by wide distribution, high frequency, high intensity, and heavy losses, which affect the yield and quality of Furong plums. To reasonably utilize climatic resources and scientifically plan the planting layout of Furong plums, climatic suitability regionalization of Furong plums in Fujian was conducted using GIS and based on meteorological data from 1971 to 2018 from 67 ground meteorological stations, area and yield data from 2005 to 2014 of Furong plums, and geographical information data. Based on the climatic characteristics of Fujian and the growing environmental conditions of the Furong plums, an indicator system for the climatic suitability regionalization of the Furong plums was established. The weights of the regionalization indicators were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method. Geographical reckoning models between the regionalization indicators, longitude, latitude, and altitude were established using multivariate linear regression analysis. The climatic suitability index of the Furong plums was calculated using the weighted summation method. The climatic suitability areas of Furong plums in Fujian were divided into suitable, sub-suitable, and unsuitable areas based on the distribution laws of the climatic suitability index, the actual conditions of growth and field investigation of Furong plums in Fujian, and the regionalization result of the regionalization indicator for limiting the growth of Furong plums. Finally, the regionalization results were verified based on the planting status of Furong plums and the per-unit area yield of the plums. The results of this study were as follows: The suitable areas were mainly distributed in the middle- and high-altitude areas of north of Longyan and Fuzhou, and most of Ningde, Sanming, and Nanping. The sub-suitable areas were mainly distributed in the middle of Fujian along Wuping and Zhangping to Luoyuan. The unsuitable areas were mainly concentrated in the low-altitude areas along the south and southeast coasts and the high-altitude areas of the northern mountain regions. The regionalization results were in good agreement with the planting status of Furong plums and the per-unit area yield of plums. The results of this study provide a decision reference for the planting of Furong plums in Fujian.

     

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