Reasons for promoting rhizosphere nutrient absorption and utilization of Atractylodes lancea by intercropping with maize
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摘要:
与玉米间作能够缓解苍术连作障碍, 而养分条件变化是关键因素之一。为探究苍术||玉米间作对苍术根际养分吸收利用的影响, 本研究开展了为期2年的苍术||玉米间作根际不同分隔处理的田间试验, 共设置了4种处理: 苍术单作(A)、苍术||玉米间作不隔膜(AI)、苍术||玉米间作隔尼龙膜(AN)和苍术||玉米间作隔塑料膜(AP), 分别测定了苍术生物量和4种挥发油成分含量, 苍术根茎氮磷钾含量, 根际土壤pH、有机质和土壤养分因子含量。结果发现, AI和AN处理的苍术根茎鲜重均高于A和AP, 且AI与A和AP的差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。苍术4种挥发油含量均表现为AI和AN高于A和AP, 其中AI的β-桉叶醇含量分别比A和AP显著高128.4%和205.6% (P<0.05), AI和AN的苍术素含量比A和AP显著提高75.0%~875.0% (P<0.05); 相比A和AP, AI和AN的苍术根茎4种挥发油成分总含量显著提高82.8%~210.3% (P<0.05), 表明苍术||玉米间作的地下根际互作对促进苍术根茎生物量和挥发油积累有重要作用。AI和AN比A和AP苍术根际土壤pH下降0.4%~6.3%、土壤有机质含量提高13.5%~48.1%; AI的苍术根际土壤碱解氮含量分别比A和AP显著提高32.8%和36.2% (P<0.05), AN的速效钾含量分别显著提高51.5%和46.7% (P<0.05)。相关性分析发现, 苍术酮主要与苍术根茎氮磷钾含量和根际土壤氮磷钾含量呈正相关, 而苍术素主要与根茎钾含量呈正相关。与A和AP相比, AI苍术磷吸收效率分别提高23.4%和30.0% (P<0.05); AI和AN的氮和钾利用效率比A显著提高131.3%~222.2% (P<0.05)。综上可知, 苍术||玉米间作体系中, 与无根际互作(A和AP)相比, 地下根际互作效应(AI和AN)可提高苍术根际酸化水平, 活化土壤氮磷钾, 促进苍术根茎养分吸收利用, 进而提高苍术产量, 同时影响苍术根茎挥发油积累。本研究揭示了苍术||玉米间作地下根际作用是促进苍术根际养分吸收利用的重要因素, 为药用植物生态多样性种植模式推广提供重要参考。
Abstract:Previous studies have found that intercropping with maize can mitigate the challenges associated with continuous cropping of Atractylodes lancea with alterations in nutrient conditions being a crucial factor. To explore the effect of A. lancea||maize intercropping on absorption and utilization of nutrients in the rhizosphere of A. lancea, through a 2-year field experiment employing different rhizosphere separation treatments. Four treatments were implemented: A. lancea monoculture (A), A. lancea||maize intercropping without separation (AI), A. lancea||maize intercropping with nylon separation (AN), and A. lancea||maize intercropping with a plastic film (AP). The biomass of A. lancea and the contents of four volatile oil components were measured at harvest. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the rhizomes of A. lancea, and rhizosphere soil pH, contents of organic matter and nutrients were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that the fresh weight of A. lancea rhizomes in the AI treatment was significantly 21.5% higher than that in treatment A and 69.1% higher than that in treatment AP (P<0.05). Additionally, the AN treatment demonstrated a 10.7% increase compared to the A treatment and a 54.2% increase compared to the AP treatment in A. lancea rhizomes (P<0.05), respectively. The content of β-eudesmol in the AI treatment was significantly higher than that of the A and AP treatments by 128.4% and 205.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The atractylodin content in the AI treatment was significantly higher than those in the A and AP treatments by 875.0% and 97.7% (P<0.05), respectively; and that in the AN treatment was significantly higher than those in the A and AP treatments by 764.0% and 75.0% (P<0.05), respectively. The total content of the four volatile oil components in A. lancea in the AI and AN treatments was significantly higher than that in the A and AP treatments by 82.8%−210.3% (P<0.05), indicating that the underground rhizosphere interaction of A. lancea||maize intercropping played an important role in promoting biomass and volatile oil accumulation in A. lancea rhizome. Compared with the A and AP treatments, the AI and AN treatments decreased the rhizosphere soil pH of A. lancea by 0.4%−6.3%, and the soil organic matter increased by 13.5%−48.1%. While the AI treatment significantly increased the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content by 32.8% and 36.2%; AN treatment significantly increased the available potassium content by 51.5% and 46.7%, and the available phosphorus content by 78.3% and 86.6%, respectively, compared with A and AP treatments. These findings demonstrate that the rhizosphere interaction between A. lancea and maize enhances the rhizosphere acidification level of A. lancea and stimulates soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared with no rhizosphere interaction. Correlation analysis showed that atractylon content was positively correlated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the rhizomes of A. lancea; and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the rhizosphere soil. Atractylodin content was positively correlated with potassium content in the rhizomes of A. lancea. Compared with the A and AP treatments, the AI treatment increased the phosphorus absorption efficiency of A. lancea by 23.4% and 30.0%, respectively. The phosphorus utilization efficiency significantly increased by 224.6% and 43.6% under the AI treatment, and by 157.0% and 13.6% under the AN treatment, compared with the A and AP treatments, respectively. The nitrogen and potassium utilization efficiency was significantly increased by 131.3%−222.2% under the AI and AN treatments compared with the A treatment, indicating that the rhizosphere interaction of intercropping crops promotes phosphorus absorption and improves the nitrogen and potassium utilization of A. lancea. In conclusion, in A. lancea||maize intercropping system, the underground rhizosphere interaction (under AI and AN treatments) promoted the absorption and utilization of nutrients of A. lancea compared to no rhizosphere interaction (under A and AP treatments), thereby increasing the yield of A. lancea and affecting volatile oil accumulation in the rhizomes of A. lancea. This study reveals that the underground rhizosphere interaction in A. lancea||maize intercropping is a key factor that promotes nutrient absorption and utilization of A. lancea and provides an important reference for promoting the ecological diversity of the planting mode of medicinal plants.
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图 1 苍术||玉米间作不同分隔处理的种植模式图
Figure 1. Planting pattern diagram of different separation treatments in Atractylodes lancea||maize intercropping
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图 2 苍术生物量(A)、挥发油(B)与根茎氮磷钾、土壤理化因子相关程度网络图
Phei: 株高; Bran: 分支数; Adrw: 不定根重; Rhiw: 根茎重; Unfw: 地下总鲜重; Hine: 苍术醇; Eude: β-桉叶醇; A_lon: 苍术酮; A_lodin: 苍术素; Sum: 4种挥发油成分总含量; PNit: 根茎氮; PPho: 根茎磷; PPot: 根茎钾; pH: 土壤酸碱度; Omat: 土壤有机质; TNit: 土壤全氮; TPho: 土壤全磷; TPot: 土壤全钾; ANit: 土壤碱解氮; APho: 土壤速效磷; APot: 土壤速效钾。图中八边形为根茎氮磷钾、土壤理化因子指标, 圆形分别是苍术生物量和挥发油指标, 各指标间连线粗细表示相关程度高低。Phei: plant height; Bran: branches number; Adrw: adventitious root weight; Rhiw: rhizome weight; Unfw: total underground fresh weight; Hine: hineso; Eude: β-eudesmol; A_lon: atractylon; A_lodin: atractylodin; Sum: total volatile oil components; PNit: rhizome nitrogen; PPho: rhizome phosphorus; PPot: rhizome potassium; pH: soil pH; Omat: soil organic matter; TNit: soil total nitrogen; TPho: soil total phosphorus; TPot: soil total potassium; ANit: soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; APho: soil available phosphorus; APot: soil available potassium. In the figure, the octagons are the indexes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rhizome of A. lancea and soil physical and chemical factors, and the circles are the biomass and volatile oil indexes of A. lancea respectively. The thickness of the line between each index indicates the degree of correlation.
Figure 2. Network diagram of the correlations of biomass (A) and volatile oils contents (B) of Atractylodes lancea with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in A. lancea rhizome and soil physical and chemical factors
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图 3 苍术生物量、挥发油与根茎氮磷钾、土壤氮磷钾相关趋势
Phei: 株高; Bran: 分支数; Adrw: 不定根重; Rhiw: 根茎重; Unfw: 地下总鲜重; Hine: 苍术醇; Eude: β-桉叶醇; A_lon: 苍术酮; A_lodin: 苍术素; Sum: 4种挥发油成分总含量; PNit: 根茎氮; PPho: 根茎磷; PPot: 根茎钾; TNit: 土壤全氮; TPho: 土壤全磷; TPot: 土壤全钾; ANit: 土壤碱解氮; APho: 土壤速效磷; APot: 土壤速效钾。Phei: plant height; Bran: branches number; Adrw: adventitious root weight; Rhiw: rhizome weight; Unfw: total underground fresh weight; Hine: hineso; Eude: β-eudesmol; A_lon: atractylon; A_lodin: atractylodin; Sum: total volatile oil components; PNit: rhizome nitrogen; PPho: rhizome phosphorus; PPot: rhizome potassium; TNit: soil total nitrogen; TPho: soil total phosphorus; TPot: soil total potassium; ANit: soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; APho: soil available phosphorus; APot: soil available potassium.
Figure 3. Correlation trend of biomass, volatile oil and rhizome nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Atractylodes lancea
表 1 苍术||玉米间作不同分隔处理的苍术生物量变化(n=12)
Table 1 Changes of biomass of Atractylodes lancea under different separation treatments in A. lancea||maize intercropping (n=12)
处理
Treatment株高
Plant height
(cm)分支数
Branch number不定根鲜重
Adventitious root
fresh weight (g∙plant−1)根茎鲜重
Rhizome fresh weight
(g∙plant−1)地下总鲜重
Total underground
fresh weight (g∙plant−1)A 47.01±23.95a 3.56±1.31c 11.64±6.70ab 64.13±34.38b 75.77±40.33ab AI 51.94±14.71a 4.75±0.91ab 15.41±6.97a 77.91±32.92a 92.46±40.43a AN 51.33±23.27a 5.63±1.73a 5.51±2.92b 71.01±24.62ab 76.51±25.82ab AP 55.52±6.53a 3.86±1.02bc 5.78±3.83b 46.06±25.30b 51.84±29.39b A、AI、AN和AP分别为苍术单作、苍术||玉米间作不隔膜、苍术||玉米间作隔尼龙膜和苍术||玉米间作隔塑料膜。同列数据不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。A, AI, AN and AP are A. lancea monoculture, A. lancea||maize intercropping without separation, A. lancea||maize intercropping with nylon separation and A. lancea||maize intercropping with plastic film separation, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). 
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表 2 苍术||玉米间作不同分隔处理的苍术挥发油含量变化(n=12)
Table 2 Changes of volatile oils contents of Atractylodes lancea under different separation treatments in A. lancea||maize intercropping (n=12)
mg∙g−1(DW) 处理
Treatment苍术醇含量
Hinesol contentβ-桉叶醇含量
β-eudesmol content苍术酮含量
Atractylon content苍术素含量
Atractylodin content挥发油成分总含量
Total content of volatile oil componentsA 3.49±2.08a 2.85±1.91b 1.82±1.91a 1.64±1.12c 9.81±4.07b AI 5.08±3.67a 6.51±2.72a 2.85±1.27a 15.99±5.98a 30.44±12.47a AN 5.82±5.37a 4.43±4.15ab 2.49±1.66a 14.17±7.90a 26.92±16.28a AP 2.32±0.97a 2.13±0.86b 2.20±1.30a 8.09±2.00b 14.73±3.65b A、AI、AN和AP分别为苍术单作、苍术||玉米间作不隔膜、苍术||玉米间作隔尼龙膜和苍术||玉米间作隔塑料膜。同列数据不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。A, AI, AN and AP are A. lancea monoculture, A. lancea||maize intercropping without separation, A. lancea||maize intercropping with nylon separation and A. lancea||maize intercropping with plastic film separation, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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表 3 苍术||玉米间作不同分隔处理的苍术根茎氮磷钾含量和根际土壤理化因子(n=5)
Table 3 Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in Atractylodes lancea rhizome and physical and chemical factors in rhizosphere soil of A. lancea||maize intercropping under different separation treatments (n=5)
指标 Index A AI AN AP 根茎含量
Rhizome content氮 Nitrogen (g·kg−1) 20.18±5.08a 19.50±2.80a 19.96±4.43a 17.08±3.10a 磷 Phosphorus (g·kg−1) 3.60±0.41ab 3.69±0.29ab 3.97±0.59a 3.27±0.31b 钾 Potassium (g·kg−1) 7.62±0.49b 7.87±0.64b 9.12±1.07a 7.72±0.61b 根际土壤含量
Rhizosphere soil contentpH 5.12±0.10a 5.10±0.12a 5.09±0.14a 5.44±0.40a 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg−1) 17.88±0.21ab 20.29±1.55ab 22.79±4.37a 15.39±3.69b 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg−1) 0.96±0.11ab 1.07±0.08ab 1.24±0.35a 0.91±0.17b 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg−1) 1.00±0.12b 0.82±0.07b 1.21±0.21a 0.96±0.16b 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg−1) 12.40±0.91c 17.53±0.91a 15.69±1.74b 14.02±1.01bc 碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg·kg−1) 67.33±6.42b 89.42±14.68a 91.68±15.60a 65.66±14.32b 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg−1) 14.38±2.81ab 10.21±1.94ab 25.64±18.56a 13.74±4.82ab 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg−1) 143.00±36.29b 127.60±13.46b 216.60±53.43a 147.64±42.99b A、AI、AN和AP分别为苍术单作、苍术||玉米间作不隔膜、苍术||玉米间作隔尼龙膜和苍术||玉米间作隔塑料膜。同列数据不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。A, AI, AN and AP are A. lancea monoculture, A. lancea||maize intercropping without separation, A. lancea||maize intercropping with nylon separation and A. lancea||maize intercropping with plastic film separation, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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表 4 苍术根茎氮磷钾含量与土壤理化因子相关性(n=5)
Table 4 Correlation between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in rhizome of Atractylodes lancea and soil physical and chemical factors (n=5)
PNit PPho PPot pH Omat TNit TPho TPot ANit APho APot PNit 1.000 PPho 0.7515*** 1.000 PPot 0.2092 0.6035** 1.000 pH −0.4390 −0.5580* −0.3336 1.000 Omat 0.2010 0.3509 0.1800 −0.3359 1.000 TNit 0.2561 0.4289 0.6448** −0.3534 0.2439 1.000 TPho 0.2408 0.3685 0.5647** −0.2354 0.1568 0.7216*** 1.000 TPot 0.0137 0.1968 0.3028 −0.2751 0.1658 0.3646 0.0332 1.000 ANit −0.0256 0.2149 0.4438* −0.3275 0.5613* 0.6545** 0.2758 0.4416 1.000 APho 0.3585 0.4490* 0.6608** −0.2110 −0.0093 0.8705*** 0.8183*** 0.1335 0.3195 1.000 APot 0.0803 0.1364 0.4912* −0.0626 0.2194 0.8037*** 0.8135*** 0.1308 0.5378* 0.7805*** 1.000 PNit: 根茎氮; PPho: 根茎磷; PPot: 根茎钾; pH: 土壤酸碱度; Omat: 土壤有机质; TNit: 土壤全氮; TPho: 土壤全磷; TPot: 土壤全钾; ANit: 土壤碱解氮; APho: 土壤速效磷; APot: 土壤速效钾; *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001。PNit: rhizome nitrogen; PPho: rhizome phosphorus; PPot: rhizome potassium; pH: soil pH; Omat: soil organic matter; TNit: soil total nitrogen; TPho: soil total phosphorus; TPot: soil total potassium; ANit: soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; APho: soil available phosphorus; APot: soil available potassium; *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001.
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表 5 苍术||玉米间作不同分隔处理的苍术根茎养分吸收和利用效率(n=5)
Table 5 Nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea||maize intercropping under different separation treatments (n=5)
处理
Treatment养分吸收效率 Nutrient uptake efficiency (mg·kg−1) 养分利用效率 Nutrient utilization efficiency (kg·kg−1) 氮 Nitrogen 磷 Phosphorus 钾 Potassium 氮 Nitrogen 磷 Phosphorus 钾 Potassium A 21.53±6.54a 3.67±0.64ab 0.62±0.05a 1.62±0.68b 8.32±1.49d 4.00±1.12d AI 18.40±3.30a 4.53±0.65a 0.45±0.03b 5.22±1.22a 27.01±4.22a 12.70±2.03a AN 16.70±3.53a 3.32±0.57b 0.59±0.10a 4.33±0.71a 21.36±2.64ab 9.25±1.25b AP 19.93±7.01a 3.49±0.58b 0.55±0.06ab 3.71±1.62a 18.81±7.43bc 7.87±3.03b A、AI、AN和AP分别为苍术单作、苍术||玉米间作不隔膜、苍术||玉米间作隔尼龙膜和苍术||玉米间作隔塑料膜。同列数据不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。A, AI, AN and AP are A. lancea monoculture, A. lancea||maize intercropping without separation, A. lancea||maize intercropping with nylon separation and A. lancea||maize intercropping with plastic film separation, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
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