高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的氮素运移规律

Nitrogen migration along the soil-forage-livestock interface for Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense

  • 摘要: 探讨施入氮在高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的运移规律, 为合理施肥提供理论依据。试验采用15N同位素标记法, 设置0 kg∙hm−2 (CK)、90 kg∙hm−2 (N90)、180 kg∙hm−2 (N180)、270 kg∙hm−2 (N270)、360 kg∙hm−2 (N360)等15N施肥处理, 分析了不同施肥处理下高丹草主要农艺性状的变化以及“土-草”界面施入氮的植物利用率、土壤残留率、损失率、茎叶分配率, “草-畜”界面肉羊、奶牛对施入氮的消化率、利用率、残留率的变化。结果表明, N180处理下的总干草产量显著高于CK和N90处理(P<0.05), 与N270和N360处理无显著差异; “土-草”界面, N180处理下施入氮的植物利用率、土壤残留率最高, 损失率最低, 与N360处理差异显著(P<0.05), 与其他处理无显著差异; “草-畜”界面, N180处理下肉羊对施入氮的利用率显著高于N360处理(P<0.05), 与其他处理无显著差异, N180处理下奶牛对施入氮的利用率最高, 但与其他处理间无显著差异。施入氮在高丹草“土-草”界面的运移规律为: 土壤残留25.22%, 高丹草吸收23.95%, 损失50.83%; 高丹草茎、叶部位对施入氮的分配规律表现为: 叶(54.35%)>茎(45.65%)。15N标记高丹草被反刍动物消化后, 综合得出, 施入氮在高丹草“土-草-畜(肉羊)”界面施入氮的运移规律为: 土壤残留25.22%, 高丹草残留4.49%, 肉羊吸收19.46%, 损失50.83%; 在“土-草-畜(奶牛)”界面的运移规律为: 土壤残留25.22%, 高丹草残留5.78%, 奶牛吸收18.17%, 损失50.83%。研究结果揭示了氮素在高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的运移规律, 可为高丹草合理施肥及草畜转化研究提供理论依据。

     

    Abstract: In this paper, we discussed the nitrogen migration rule of the soil-forage-livestock interfaces for Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of the grass. A field experiment in which the plot contained micro area was conducted and different 15N application rates, including 0 kg∙hm−2 (CK), 90 kg∙hm−2 (N90), 180 kg∙hm−2 (N180), 270 kg∙hm−2 (N270), and 360 kg∙hm−2 (N360), were set up. The indexes of nitrogen migration rule were analyzed using the 15N isotope labeling method under different 15N treatments. The indexes included plant utilization rate, soil residual rate, loss rate, and distribution rate to stem or leaf of 15N at the interface of forage-livestock; and the digestibility, utilization rate, and residual rate of 15N of sheep and cows at the interface of forage-livestock for S. bicolor×S. sudanense. The results showed that the total hay yield in the N180 treatment was significantly higher than that in the CK and N90 treatments (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference from those in the N270 and N360 treatments. At the interface of soil-forage, the plant utilization rate and soil residual rate of 15N were the highest, while the loss rate was lowest under the N180 treatment, and there were significant differences between N180 and N360, but there were no significant differences among the N180, CK, and N90 treatments. At the interface of forage-livestock, the 15N digestibility of sheep under the N180 treatment was significantly higher than that under the N360 treatment, but there was no significant difference with those under other treatments; and the 15N utilization rate of dairy cows under the N180 treatment was the highest, but the difference was not significant. On average, the 15N migration rule of the soil-forage interface was as follows: the soil residual rate was 25.22%, the utilization rate was 23.95%, and the loss rate was 50.83%; the distribution rate of leaf (54.35%) was higher than that of stem (45.65%) for S. bicolor×S. sudanense. After the S. bicolor×S. sudanense was 15N-labeled and further digested by ruminants, the 15N migration rule of soil-forage-livestock (sheep) interface was as follows: the soil residual rate was 25.22%, the residual rate of forage was 4.49%, the utilization rate of sheep was 19.46%, and the loss rate of 15N was 50.83%, while at the interface of soil-forage-livestock (dairy cows) was 25.22%, 5.78%, 18.17%, and 50.83%, respectively. These results provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization and transformation of soil-forage-livestock for S. bicolor×S. sudanense.

     

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