Abstract: Achieving the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a major stratege at present and in the future in China. Agriculture is not only an important source of greenhouse gas emissions but also a huge carbon sink system. The agricultural green and low-carbon development is an important area that must be considered with respect to the target of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Reduced agricultural carbon emissions and carbon sequestration are not only important ways to combat carbon peak, but also offer great potential. Therefore, this study examined the current situation of green and low-carbon agricultural development. At present, the total amount of agricultural carbon emissions in China has tended to stabilize and peaked, and the proportion of carbon emissions generated by the use of modern agricultural input elements, such as fertilizers and farm energy, has increased. The agricultural ecosystems is a powerful carbon sink. In this study, the main problems of agricultural green and low-carbon development were analyzed, including excessive agricultural inputs and excessive consumption of fossil energy, low utilization of agricultural resources, insufficient technical reserves for agricultural green and low-carbon development, and imperfect supporting systems. This study advocated the basic paths and measures to realizing agricultural green and low-carbon development by strengthening the conservation and utilization of agricultural resources, improving the efficiency of resource utilization, increasing the comprehensive treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution, and ensuring the reduction and efficiency of fertilizers and resource utilization of agricultural wastes. Effective control of agricultural white pollution; cultivation, expansion, and strengthening of agricultural green and low-carbon industries; realization of the greening of the entire industrial chain of agricultural products from production and processing to circulation; increase in scientific and technological innovation; and building of a scientific and technological support system for agricultural green and low-carbon development are also important ways. Finally, an institutional system that promotes agricultural green and low-carbon development is constructed from the aspects of fiscal and taxation systems, financial systems, land management systems, ecological product value realization mechanisms, and constraint and incentive mechanisms. Based on this study, agricultural green and low-carbon development policies and measures can be developed and research can be conducted.