Abstract: Under the strengthening of integrating the protection of the quantity, quality, and ecology of cultivated land, soil health cultivation is an inevitable measure to comprehensively consolidate the foundation of national food security. From the perspective of food security, soil health cultivation focuses on improving soil comprehensive capacity and multiple functional values with systematization, greening, and precision as the main cultivation characteristics. It leverages the roles of various stakeholders such as the government, new agricultural management entities, and small farmers, and promotes the effective coordination of farmland ecology, agricultural economic and social benefits through the promotion and implementation of a series of soil health cultivation measures. Accelerating soil health cultivation has practical value in implementing national strategies, promoting green agricultural development, and ensuring food safety. At present, there are major challenges in promoting soil health cultivation, including the need for a sound soil environment monitoring system, insufficient understanding of soil multi-functionality by producers, dual pressures of cost and price of agricultural products to suppress soil health cultivation, urgent need for a sound related policy system, and dual contradictions between variety structure and subject structure. It is urgent to seize the key of consolidating the foundation of cultivation and improving the cultivation system and mechanism, further promote the construction of green farmland, improve the promotion and service system of soil health cultivation technology, promote the participation of multiple subjects in soil health cultivation, improve the soil health cultivation guarantee mechanism, and accelerate the exploration of effective paths to improve soil health cultivation.