Abstract: New quality productivity is expected to become a new engine for China’s economic development in the future, and cultivating new quality productivity in agriculture and rural areas is not only related to the growth of rural economy, but also an important hand in promoting the process of agricultural modernization. Therefore, this paper tries to construct the evaluation index system of new quality productivity in agriculture, adopting the panel data of 30 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2022, and using the longitudinal and transversal pulling grades, Kernel density estimation, traditional and spatial Markov chain, Dagum Gini coefficient measurement decomposition and obstacle degree model, etc., we analyze the level of development of the new quality productivity in agriculture The study found that the level of agricultural new quality productivity development was measured and identified by the following methods: the characteristics of spatial and temporal differentiation, regional differences, and obstacle factors. The study found that: the development level of agricultural new quality productivity showed a steady upward trend during the examination period; the development level between the east, central and west regions, the main food-producing regions and the non-food-producing regions showed obvious differences; In terms of the dimensions, green productivity and digital productivity in agriculture are in a better state of development, and digital productivity has shown strong growth during the study period. the development level of each province had spatial spillover effects, which would have a positive or negative impact on the development of the neighboring provinces, the difference between the regions in the east, central and west has gradually become the main source of differences in the development of agricultural new quality productivity. and the criterion level of The differences between regions in the East, Center and West have gradually become the main source of differences in the development of new quality agricultural productivity; scientific and technological productivity and integration productivity in the criterion layer, and the number of rural digital bases and the degree of integration of primary and tertiary industries in the indicator layer have become the main obstacles to the development of new quality agricultural productivity.