Abstract: The hilly and mountainous areas are restricted by the inherent conditions and development needs, such as topographical limitations, resource constraints, functional positioning, etc. The "non grain" of cultivated land not only presents distinct regional particularity, but also poses a prominent challenge to the local agricultural production pattern and food security ability. Exploring the characteristics and driving factors of non grain plots through classification is of key significance to the targeted governance and precise recovery of regional non grain. Taking Yongchuan District of Chongqing as an example, this paper uses kernel density estimation method, spatial overlay, and buffer zone analysis method to comprehensively consider cultivated land use, land type change, and planting attributes, and explores the spatial characteristics and internal attributes of "non grain" plots, and reveals the driving mechanism of "non grain" of different types of cultivated land with the help of geographical detectors. The results showed that: 1) the "non grain" rate of cultivated land was 25.84%. In the overall cultivated land, the "non grain" was mainly manifested in the flow of cultivated land to engineering restoration forest land, recoverable garden land and recoverable other agricultural land. 2) There were significant differences in the "non grain" level of different types of cultivated land. The non grain rate from high to low was production and utilization type (23.77%), tillage structure type (2.07%), and crop planting type (0.93%). Among them, the production and utilization type "non grain" high-density areas were characterized by multi-core distribution, which were concentrated in Jinlong Town, Songgai town and other towns. The cultivation structure type "non grain" and crop planting type "non grain" high-density areas were distributed in Da'an street and Banqiao Town. 3) The cultivated land "non grain" was mainly small-scale plots, with an area of 12454.67 hm², accounting for 56.27% of the total non grain area; The area of "non grain" of cultivated land with a cultivation radius of 50-100m was the largest (9949.25 hm²), accounting for 44.95% of the total non grain area, which was a high incidence area of non grain; The area of farmland "non grain" 0-50m away from rural roads was the largest (10203.52 hm²), accounting for 46.10% of the total non grain area, which was a high incidence area of non grain. 4) The cultivated land shape index had a significant impact on the "non grain" of production and utilization type (0.1987), cultivation structure type (0.2133) and crop planting type (0.1473). In the "non grain" of different types of cultivated land, the interaction of cultivation conditions, natural environment and socio-economic conditions will enhance the explanatory power of its "non grain" spatial differentiation. Based on the characteristics analysis and attribution identification of cultivated land "non grain" at the scale of hilly and mountainous areas, it can provide a reference for differentiated management of cultivated land "non grain".