Abstract: Micro-nano bubble water-fertilizer coupling technology, leveraging the unique physical properties of micro-nano bubbles (small size, negative surface charge, high stability), represents a green agricultural technology capable of simultaneously optimizing the water, fertilizer, and gas environment in the crop root zone, demonstrating significant potential for enhancing agricultural resource use efficiency. This paper systematically reviews the comprehensive impacts of this technology on crop production, soil ecology, and farmland environment. Research indicates that micro-nano bubble water improves rhizosphere oxygen supply, enhances root growth and development, increases soil enzyme activity, and promotes the establishment of beneficial microbial communities, thereby synergistically improving the yield, quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency of crops such as rice, maize, tomato, and cucumber. Regarding environmental effects, this technology regulates soil redox conditions, inhibits the activity of methanogenic archaea and denitrification processes, and significantly reduces emissions of greenhouse gases like CH₄ and N₂O. However, the long-term impacts of this technology on soil organic matter transformation and carbon sequestration remain unclear, and its overall environmental benefits require further systematic evaluation. Future research should focus on elucidating the interaction mechanisms between micro-nano bubbles and the root-soil system, optimizing technical parameters, developing supporting equipment, and expanding its application in challenging soils (such as saline-alkali and waterlogged conditions) and in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby providing theoretical and technical support for achieving green and low-carbon agricultural development.