水肥耦合滴灌对甘蔗产量、农艺性状及蔗田土壤肥力的影响

Effects of fertigation on sugarcane yield, agronomic traits and soil fertility in sugarcane fields

  • 摘要: 旨在系统解析水肥耦合滴灌对甘蔗产量形成与蔗田土壤肥力的影响,探明南方红壤旱坡蔗区最适宜的水肥耦合滴灌制度。以CK0(纯雨养)、CK1(传统化肥撒施)、CK2(传统化肥撒施+滴灌)为对照,设置了水肥耦合滴灌条件下3个灌溉水平: I50(800 m3·hm-2)、I75(1200 m3·hm-2)、I100(1800 m3·hm-2)和3个施肥水平: F50(180 kg·hm-2 N + 90 kg·hm-2 P2O5 + 60 kg·hm-2 K2O)、F75(270 kg·hm-2 N + 135 kg·hm-2 P2O5 + 90 kg·hm-2 K2O)、F100(360 kg·hm-2 N + 180 kg·hm-2 P2O5 + 120 kg·hm-2 K2O)组合共9个处理,分析水肥耦合滴灌对甘蔗产量、农艺性状和蔗田土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,相同施肥量条件下,相比传统化肥撒施,水肥耦合滴灌F100处理下甘蔗产量、单茎重、株高分别显著提高11.32%~11.55%、6.22%~15.91%、5.23%~6.93%,同时蔗田表层和根际土壤有效磷、有效钾、有机碳、活性有机碳、矿物结合有机碳含量均有明显提升。水肥耦合滴灌处理下,甘蔗产量、农艺性状、土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性、有机碳组分含量及碳库管理指数总体均呈随施肥量增加而增加的趋势。基于灰色加权关联系数的土壤肥力综合评分表明,施肥量是土壤综合肥力的主要贡献因子,灌溉量对土壤肥力影响不明显,表现最好的是I75F100处理。主成分回归分析表明,蔗田表层土壤的活性有机碳、矿物氮、有效磷,根际土壤的总有机碳、矿物结合有机碳、颗粒态有机碳,甘蔗农艺性状中的株高、有效茎数对甘蔗产量贡献较大,是水肥耦合滴灌促进甘蔗增产需要重点关注的指标。

     

    Abstract: TO SYSTEMATICALLY QUANTIFY THE EFFECTS OF FERTIGATION ON SUGARCANE YIELD FORMATION AND SOIL FERTILITY AND TO IDENTIFY THE OPTIMAL DRIP-FERTIGATION REGIME FOR SUGARCANE GROWN ON TYPICAL RED-SOIL SLOPING LAND IN SOUTHERN CHINA, THREE CONTROLS (CK0, RAIN-FED; CK1, CONVENTIONAL BROADCASTING; CK2, BROADCASTING + DRIP IRRIGATION) AND 9 FERTIGATION TREATMENTS WERE ESTABLISHED. THE TREATMENTS COMBINED 3 IRRIGATION RATES I50 (800 M3·HM-2), I75 (1200 M3·HM-2), I100 (1800 M3·HM-2) WITH 3 FERTILIZATION RATES: F50 (180 kg·hm-2 N + 90 kg·hm-2 P2O5 + 60 kg·hm-2 K2O kg·hm-2), F75 (270 kg·hm-2 N + 135 kg·hm-2 P2O5 + 90 kg·hm-2 K2O HA⁻¹), F100 (360 kg·hm-2 N + 180 kg·hm-2 P2O5 + 120 kg·hm-2 K2O kg·hm-2). SUGARCANE YIELD, AGRONOMIC TRAITS, AND TOPSOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE SOIL FERTILITY WERE DETERMINED. COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL BROADCASTING AT THE SAME FERTILISATION RATE, FERTIGATION AT F100 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED CANE YIELD, SINGLE-STEM WEIGHT AND PLANT HEIGHT BY 11.32%~11.55 %, 6.22%~15.91 % AND 5.23%~6.93 %, RESPECTIVELY, AND MARKEDLY RAISED TOPSOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE CONTENTS OF AVAILABLE P, AVAILABLE K, TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON, LABILE ORGANIC CARBON AND MINERAL-ASSOCIATED ORGANIC CARBON. YIELD, AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS, SOIL NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS, ENZYME ACTIVITIES, ORGANIC CARBON FRACTIONS AND THE CARBON MANAGEMENT INDEX ALL ROSE WITH INCREASING FERTILISATION. GREY-WEIGHTED RELATIONAL ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT FERTILIZATION RATE WAS THE PRINCIPAL FACTOR GOVERNING INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY, WHEREAS IRRIGATION RATE HAD NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT; THE I75F100 TREATMENT PERFORMED BEST. PRINCIPAL-COMPONENT REGRESSION REVEALED THAT LABILE ORGANIC CARBON, MINERAL N AND AVAILABLE P IN THE TOPSOIL, TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON, MINERAL-ASSOCIATED ORGANIC CARBON AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON IN THE RHIZOSPHERE, AND PLANT HEIGHT AND STALK NUMBER WERE THE DOMINANT DRIVERS OF CANE YIELD. THESE INDICATORS SHOULD RECEIVE PRIORITY ATTENTION WHEN DESIGNING DRIP-FERTIGATION STRATEGIES FOR SUGARCANE PRODUCTION.

     

/

返回文章
返回