福建典型茶园土壤硒及理化性质与茶叶品质的关系

朱雁鸣; 吴一群; 林诚; 颜明娟; 翁伯琦

doi:10.12357/cjea.20250615

摘要: 为揭示茶园土壤理化性质及硒（Se）含量对茶叶Se积累、品质及安全性的影响，以福建省寿宁县5个典型茶园的土壤和茶叶为研究对象，测定土壤基本理化性质、Se及重金属含量，分析茶叶Se、重金属及品质成分（水浸出物、茶多酚、咖啡碱和氨基酸）含量，通过相关性分析明确关键影响因素。结果显示，寿宁茶园土壤总Se含量为0.31～1.41 mg·kg⁻¹，92.86%样品达到富Se土壤标准（DZ/T 0380-2021），但不同产地与品种的茶园土壤有效Se含量差异显著。茶叶Se含量为0.054～0.071 mg·kg⁻¹，与土壤有效Se显著正相关（r=0.658），与土壤总氮、有机质及砷含量呈负相关。相关性分析表明，土壤碱解氮与茶叶Hg、Pb、As、Cr极显著正相关，与水浸出物极显著负相关；速效钾与茶多酚极显著正相关，而速效磷与茶多酚极显著负相关；同时，土壤总Se和有效Se均与茶叶As、Cr呈显著正相关，有效Se与茶叶Cd 显著负相关。寿宁茶园具备富Se茶生产的土壤资源基础，但需通过调控土壤pH、优化氮磷钾配比以提升Se有效性和茶叶品质，且Se与As、Cr的协同迁移风险提示需加强富Se茶园的重金属监测与管控。

Abstract: To reveal the effects of soil physicochemical properties and selenium (Se) content on Se accumulation, quality, and safety in tea gardens, this study focused on 14 sets of soil and tea leaves from five typical tea gardens in Shouning, Fujian. The basic physicochemical properties, Se and heavy metal content of the soil were measured, and the Se, heavy metal, and quality components (water extracts, tea polyphenols, caffeine, and amino acids) content of the tea leaves were analyzed. The key influencing factors were identified through correlation analysis. The results showed that the total Se content in the soil of Shouning tea gardens ranged from 0.31 to 1.41 mg · kg ⁻¹, and 92.86% of the samples met the Se rich soil standard (DZ/T 0380-2021). However, there were significant differences in the available Se content of tea garden soils from different origins and varieties. The Se content in tea is 0.054-0.071 mg · kg ⁻¹, which is significantly positively correlated with soil available Se (r=0.658), and negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen, organic matter, and arsenic content. Correlation analysis shows that soil alkaline nitrogen is significantly positively correlated with Hg, Pb, As, and Cr in tea leaves, and significantly negatively correlated with water extracts; There is a significant positive correlation between available potassium and tea polyphenols, while there is a significant negative correlation between available phosphorus and tea polyphenols; At the same time, both total Se and available Se in soil were significantly positively correlated with As and Cr in tea leaves, but available Se was significantly negatively correlated with Cd in tea leaves. Shouning tea plantation has a soil resource foundation for Se rich tea production, but it is necessary to improve Se availability and tea quality by regulating soil pH and optimizing nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratios. In addition, the risk of synergistic migration of Se with As and Cr suggests the need to strengthen heavy metal monitoring and control in Se rich tea plantations.