Abstract: Dicranopteris pedata is the strongest rare earth hyperaccumulator known to date, while its tolerance to rare earths has not been elucidated. In this study, D. pedata in the mining area was taken as the research object, and the addition experiments of representative rare earth elements cerium and yttrium were carried out to analyze the rare earth enrichment characteristics of different organs and subcellular components of D. pedata under different rare earth concentrations. The results showed that: 1) The total content of cerium in D. pedata increased with the increase in rare earth concentration, and the maximum tolerance concentration of yttrium was 0.8 mmol/L. 2) When the concentration of cerium or yttrium was ≤ 0.8 mmol/L, the rare earth content in organs of D. pedata followed the trend of leaf > rhizome > petiole, while when the concentration was 1.6 mmol/L, the cerium content followed the trend of rhizome > leaf > petiole, and the yttrium content in various organs followed the trend of petiole > leaf > rhizome. The enrichment coefficient for the light rare earth element cerium was greater than that for the heavy rare earth element yttrium. 3) Cerium and yttrium in the leaves and roots of D. pedata distributed in the cell wall accounted for the largest proportion, and the proportions of cerium and yttrium content in the leaf cell wall increased with the increase in rare earth concentration. 4) There were significant differences in the proportions of cerium and yttrium content in the subcellular components of D. pedata petioles at low and high addition concentrations. D. pedata has strong tolerance and enrichment ability to rare earth elements. The aboveground part (especially the leaves) of D. pedata can effectively regulate the distribution of rare earth elements through compartmentalization isolation, and the enrichment ability for cerium is stronger than that for yttrium. The cell wall is the key part of rare earth accumulation, while when the rare earth concentration exceeds the tolerance threshold, the rare earth distribution pattern of each organ will change significantly. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of soil rare earth pollution by using the rare earth hyperaccumulator D. pedata.