Abstract: Trichomes are plant-derived external accessory structures that play an important role in plant resistance to stress. In this study, 161 potato varieties (lines) were counted by assomicroscope, 9 varieties (lines) with high, medium and low trichome density were tested for insect resistance, and the two varieties (lines) with the largest difference in trichome density were determined by extensive targeted metabolomics and the differences in metabolic components were compared. The results showed that the trichomes were polymorphic, and the trichome density in the proximal axial surface of the leaf was significantly lower than that in the distal axial surface of the leaf. The leaf damage rate and the amount of lobules were negatively correlated with the non-glandular trichomes and glandular trichomes in the paraxial plane, and the non-glandular trichomes and glandular trichomes in the distal axial plane;there was a significant correlation between trichome density and insect resistance in varieties (lines) with high trichome density> insect resistance in varieties (lines) with low trichome density > insect resistance in varieties (lines) with low trichome density ; the total of 1717 metabolite species were detected by extensive targeted metabolomics, among which phenolic acids, lipids, alkaloids and flavonoids were the most abundant metabolites, accounting for 16.7%, 14.91%, 12.75% and 12.06%, respectively, and there were significant differences in metabolites between the two varieties, with 446 differential metabolites, 238 metabolites significantly up-regulated, 208 metabolites significantly down-regulated, and the top 5 pathways with the largest number of differential metabolites were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway, ABC transporters pathway, tryptophan metabolism pathway, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis , glycolysis pathway. This study can provide a certain reference for the study of the mechanism of potato insect control and disease resistance and the breeding of resistant varieties (lines).