Abstract: Under the background of “dual carbon”, agricultural planting, as a fundamental industry for food supply, not only possesses the dual attributes of carbon source and sink, but also bears the responsibility of ensuring carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and food security. Therefore, how to achieve the coordinated development of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agricultural planting and national food security while ensuring the stable development of food quantity and quality has become a common concern of the whole society. At present, the carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agricultural planting and food security have not been fully and systematically studied within the same framework, especially in terms of their coupling relationship, collaborative mechanism, and development path. Therefore, this article reviews, summarizes, and generalizes relevant literature at home and abroad on the connotation, measurement methods, spatiotemporal patterns, influencing factors, and collaborative development of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agricultural planting and food security. At the same time, based on the analysis of the possible conflicts and synergies between carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agricultural planting and food security, it was found that agricultural planting can achieve a win-win situation of carbon reduction and food production through technologies such as crop rotation and precision fertilization, and the two have stronger synergy under technological innovation and policy guidance. However, existing research has significant shortcomings: One is that the comprehensive evaluation index system for collaborative development has not yet been established; Secondly, there is insufficient research on the spatiotemporal pattern evolution and driving factors of collaborative development; Thirdly, conflicts between different policy departments have led to contradictions between carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agricultural planting and food security. Therefore, future research needs to focus on the following four aspects: The first is to construct a more reasonable and scientific coupling coordination model to overcome the volatility and incomparability of traditional model results; The second is to use exploratory data analysis tools and Kernel density estimation to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and evolutionary characteristics of their collaborative development; The third is to conduct research on the mechanisms and pathways for the coordinated development of carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and food security in agricultural planting under different scenarios; The fourth is to introduce modern information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to establish a unified monitoring network and data sharing platform, ultimately providing scientific basis for achieving China's agricultural “dual carbon” goals and ensuring national food security and harmonious progress.