Abstract: Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANNSP) is an important environmental problem in China's agriculture and an important obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture. Existing studies rarely analyze the effect of agricultural land transfer, an important agricultural reform, which restricts the control of ANPSP and the identification of environmental benefits of agricultural land transfer. Therefore, based on the existing results, this study theoretically analyzed the impact of agricultural land transfer on ANNSP, and discussed its spatial spillover effect. Then, using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2021, The effects of agricultural land transfer on ANNSP were empirically analyzed by combining dual fixed effect regression model, intermediate effect model and spatial econometric model. The results show that: (1) Agricultural land transfer has a significant negative impact on ANPSP, and agricultural land transfer can reduce ANPSP, and this result is still valid after robustness test and endogeneity disposal. The influence of agricultural land transfer on ANPSP is significantly negative at the statistical level of 5%, and its influence coefficient is -0.21. ② Agricultural land transfer reduces ANPSP by expanding the scale of agricultural operation and increasing the proportion of grain planting. The influence coefficient of agricultural land transfer on agricultural operation scale was 0.26, and the influence coefficient of agricultural operation scale on ANPSP was -0.23. The influence coefficient of farmland transfer on grain planting ratio was 0.29, and the influence of grain planting ratio on ANPSP was -0.28. (3) The negative impact of agricultural land transfer on ANPSP has a significant spatial spillover effect. Agricultural land transfer can not only reduce ANPSP in the region, but also reduce ANPSP in the surrounding areas. Finally, according to the analysis results, this paper suggests that all regions should actively promote the transfer of agricultural land, promote the moderate scale management of agriculture and the greening of grain planting, and promote the regional cooperation in pollution control, so as to play the positive role of agricultural land transfer on ANPSP and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.