基于Meta分析研究主要栽培措施对强筋小麦量质协同的调控

Effects of main cultivation practices on simultaneous improvement in grain yield and protein content of strong-gluten wheat: A Meta analysis

  • 摘要: 我国面包消费量逐年增加, 但制作原料(强筋小麦)蛋白质含量达标率低, 高产与高蛋白质协同提升难度大是限制其生产的主要瓶颈。播期、施氮量及种植密度是调控强筋小麦籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的有效栽培措施, 但在黄淮海地区尚缺乏整合定量研究。因此, 本研究采用Meta分析的方法, 定量研究了2003—2023年黄淮海地区主要栽培措施对强筋小麦籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的调控效应, 并选用该区域强筋小麦生产中适宜播期(10月10—25日)、常规施氮量(270~300 kg·hm−2)和常规种植密度(180×104~240×104 plant·hm−2)作为对照组。Meta分析结果表明, 与对照组相比, 当播期推迟0~35 d时, 籽粒产量显著降低, 平均降幅为2.86%~19.22%, 其中推迟21~28 d时降幅最大。当播期推迟0~7 d时, 籽粒蛋白质含量显著降低, 平均降幅为4.08%; 而当推迟21~28 d时, 籽粒蛋白质含量显著增加, 平均增幅为10.54%。当施氮量减少0~30 kg·hm−2时, 籽粒产量显著增加, 平均增幅为4.67%; 而当减少30~60 kg·hm−2时, 籽粒产量显著降低, 平均降幅为2.75%; 当减少90~300 kg·hm−2时, 籽粒产量显著降低, 平均降幅为4.69%~36.84%。当施氮量减少30~300 kg·hm−2时, 籽粒蛋白质含量显著降低, 平均降幅为4.31%~23.54%。当种植密度增加0~90×104 plant·hm−2时, 籽粒产量显著增加, 平均增幅为1.73%~3.59%。当种植密度增加30×104~90×104 plant·hm−2时, 籽粒蛋白质含量显著增加, 平均增幅为2.01%~2.61%。此外, 本研究明确了不同播期、施氮量及种植密度下, 强筋小麦籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量之间的关系, 通过回归方程计算可知, 将其分别控制在10月10—21日、230~286 kg·hm−2和247×104~289×104 plant·hm−2时, 籽粒产量>8 000 kg·hm−2, 同时籽粒蛋白质含量>14.0%, 可实现量质协同。此时, 植株群体干物质积累量于开花期和成熟期分别维持在14.7~17.0和20.4~26.6 t·hm−2, 开花期单茎、茎、叶和穗氮含量分别达16.0、9.0、34.0和14.5 mg·g−1以上。以上研究结果可为黄淮海地区强筋小麦高产优质栽培提供科学依据和技术指导。

     

    Abstract: The consumption of bread made from strong-gluten wheat is rapidly increasing in China, however, commercially available wheat grains of sufficient quality for bread making remain scarce in the domestic market. A high grain protein content (GPC) is desirable in strong-gluten wheat, but a decrease in grain yield (GY) is usually observed when achieving the targeted GPC in production. Sowing date, nitrogen application rate, and plant density are effective cultivation practices for regulating GY and GPC in strong-gluten wheat. In this study, a Meta analysis was performed on the effects of these main cultivation practices on the GY and GPG of strong-gluten wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region using existing literature data from 2003 to 2023. The control (CK) was selected from October 10 to October 25 for sowing date, from 270 to 300 kg·hm−2 for nitrogen rate, and from 180×104 to 240×104 plants·hm−2 for plant density, respectively. The Meta analysis showed that when the sowing date was delayed by 0–35 d, the GY of strong-gluten wheat was significantly reduced by 2.86% to 19.22%, and the highest drop occurred from a delay of 21–28 d. Moreover, GPC significantly decreased by 4.08% with a 0–7 day delay in sowing date, whereas a 21–28 day delay led to a significant increase of 10.54%. When the nitrogen application rate was reduced by 0 to 30 kg·hm−2, the GY was significantly increased by 4.67%; however, the GY was significantly decreased by 2.75% and 4.69%–36.84% when the nitrogen application rate was reduced by 30–60 and 90–300 kg·hm−2, respectively. Meanwhile, a reduction in nitrogen application rate from 30 to 300 kg·hm−2 resulted in an average decrease of 4.31% to 23.54% in GPC. When the plant density was increased by 0 to 90×104 plant·hm−2, the GY was significantly improved by 1.73%–3.59%; and an average increase of 2.01%–2.61% was observed in the GPC, when the plant density was increased by 30×104 to 90×104 plant·hm−2. Furthermore, the relationship between GY and GPC of strong-gluten wheat was analyzed under different cultivation practices mentioned above in this region. The qualified grain quality (GPC>14.0%) while maintaining high yield (GY>8 000 kg·hm−2) could be obtained with the sowing date ranged from October 10 to October 21, the nitrogen application rate ranged from 230 to 286 kg·hm−2, and the plant density ranged from 247×104 to 289×104 plant·hm−2. Correspondingly, the dry matter accumulation of strong-gluten wheat ranged from 14.7 to 17.0 t·hm−2 at flowering stage as well as from 20.4 to 26.6 t·hm−2 at maturity stage, while the nitrogen content of single stem, stems, leaf, and ear at flowering stage was maintained higher than 16.0, 9.0, 34.0 and 14.5 mg·g−1. These findings would provide novel approaches for the simultaneous improvement in the grain yield and quality of strong-gluten wheat for bread making in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region.

     

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