镁硼锌配施石灰对华南双季稻产量、品质及酸化土壤改良的影响

Effect of combined application of magnesium, boron, zinc, and lime on yield, quality, and the improvement of acidified soils of double-cropping rice in South China

  • 摘要: 探究中微量元素及石灰配施对华南双季稻生产和酸化土壤改良的影响, 可为区域粮食安全保障和酸性耕地健康培育提供理论依据。针对华南典型双季稻种植模式, 在全国首批酸化治理重点县广东省江门市台山市布置田间试验, 共设4个处理: 不施肥处理(T0)、农民常规施肥处理(T1)、常规施肥+镁硼锌处理(T2)和常规施肥+镁硼锌+石灰处理(T3), 于水稻收获期测定水稻产量、稻米品质以及土壤酸度相关指标。结果表明, 相较于不施肥处理(T0), 施肥处理(T1、T2和T3)早稻和晚稻籽粒产量分别显著提升72.01%~101.54%和32.55%~62.03%, 同时降低了晚稻稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度, 显著提高了粗蛋白质含量。相较于T1处理, T2和T3处理进一步显著降低了稻米胶稠度, 并提高了粗蛋白质含量(粗蛋白质含量仅在T3与T1处理间差异显著)。此外, 相较于T1处理, T2处理显著促进了早稻和晚稻籽粒增产(17.16%和21.90%), 降低了土壤交换性酸含量(9.67%), 显著提高了土壤交换性盐基离子总量(37.77%)、有效硼含量(98.11%)和土壤pH (0.15个单位); T3处理显著提高了晚稻籽粒产量(22.24%), 显著降低了土壤交换性酸含量(59.58%), 显著提高了土壤交换性盐基离子总量(79.01%)、有效硼含量(135.84%)和有效锌含量(167.72%), 并显著提升土壤pH (0.44个单位)。T3与T2处理间产量差异不显著, 但T3处理的土壤交换性盐基离子总量、有效硼与有效锌含量分别比T2处理显著提高29.93%、19.04%和161.97%, 土壤交换性酸含量显著降低55.26%, pH显著提高0.29个单位。农民常规施肥配施150 kg∙hm−2硫酸镁、15 kg∙hm−2硼砂和22.5 kg∙hm−2硫酸锌以及在此基础上增施1 125 kg∙hm−2石灰, 可保持或促进水稻籽粒增产, 并有效改良酸性土壤, 其中农民常规施肥、镁硼锌和石灰三者配施对酸性土壤改良效果更佳, 但仍需长期试验的验证。

     

    Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the co-application of medium and trace elements (magnesium, boron, and zinc) with lime on typical double-cropping rice production and acidic soil improvement in South China, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for regional food security and healthy cultivation of acidic arable land. A field experiment for a typical double-cropping rice system was set up in Taishan City, Jiangmen City of Guangdong Province in South China, one of the first key counties for national soil acidification control, including four treatments: no fertilization treatment (T0), conventional fertilization treatment by farmers (T1), conventional fertilization + magnesium & boron & zinc treatment (T2), and conventional fertilization + magnesium & boron & zinc + lime treatment (T3). Grain yield and grain quality of both early and late rices, and soil acidity indicators of late rice were analyzed during the rice harvesting period. Compared to T0 treatment, all fertilization treatments (T1, T2, and T3) significantly increased the early rice grain yield by 72.01%−101.54% and the late rice yield by 32.55%−62.03%, while also reduced the chalky grain rate and chalkiness, and increased crude protein content of late rice. Compared to T1 treatment, T2 and T3 treatments further significantly reduced the rice gel consistency and increased the crude protein content, while the differences of crude protein content between T2 and T3 were not significant. Additionally, compared to T1 treatment, the T2 treatment significantly increased early and late rice grain yields by 17.16% and 21.90%, respectively, reduced the exchangeable acid content (exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum) by 9.67%, significantly increased total exchangeable base cations content by 37.77%, significantly increased available boron content by 98.11%, and significantly increased soil pH by 0.15 units; T3 treatment significantly increased late rice grain yield by 22.24%, significantly reduced exchangeable acid content by 59.58%, significantly increased total exchangeable base cations content by 79.01%, and significantly increased available boron and zinc contents by 135.84% and 167.72%, respectively. Additionally, T3 treatment significantly increased soil pH by 0.44 units compared to T1 treatment. The differences in grain yields between the T3 and T2 treatments were not significant. However, compared to T2 treatment, T3 treatment significantly increased the total exchangeable basic cations content, available boron content, and available zinc content in the soil by 29.93%, 19.04%, and 161.97%, respectively, while significantly reduced the exchangeable acid content by 55.26% and significantly increased the soil pH by 0.29 units. The co-application of conventional fertilizer with 150 kg∙hm−2 magnesium sulfate, 15 kg∙hm−2 borax, and 22.5 kg∙hm−2 zinc sulfate, along with 1 125 kg∙hm−2 lime, can sustain or enhance rice grain yield and effectively ameliorate acidic soils. The combination of conventional fertilizers with magnesium, boron, zinc, and lime showed the best effect on soil acidification. However, long-term trials are required to validate these findings.

     

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