Abstract: Objective In the context of the "dual carbon goals", this paper explores the impact mechanism of digital agriculture on China's agricultural carbon emission reduction. Method In this study, panel data from 30 provinces from 2011 to 2020 were selected, and the impact of digital agriculture on agricultural carbon emissions and its path mechanism were explored by using two-way fixed effect, intermediary effect and threshold effect models. Result Digital agriculture has a significant "carbon reduction effect" in reducing agricultural carbon emissions, and the "carbon reduction effect" of digital agriculture is the most obvious when the agricultural carbon emission level is at the level of 95%, and it still holds under multiple robustness tests. In terms of mechanism pathways, digital agriculture realizes the "carbon reduction effect" on agricultural carbon emissions through the transfer of agricultural land. The threshold model test shows that when the level of labor outflow does not exceed the single threshold value, the inhibition effect of digital agriculture development on agricultural carbon emissions is more significant. When the level of large-scale agricultural operation exceeds the single threshold, the inhibition effect of digital agriculture development on agricultural carbon emissions is more significant. When the level of industrial rationalization does not exceed the single threshold, the inhibition effect of digital agriculture on agricultural carbon emissions is more significant. Conclusion In the process of accelerating the realization of the strategic goal of carbon peaking, the promotion of agricultural carbon emission reduction should focus on giving full play to the "digital dividend" of digital agriculture, developing digital agriculture according to local conditions, and exploring new development models of digital agriculture.