农业机械化影响农业生态效率的理论分析及实证检验

Theoretical analysis and empirical testing of the impact of agricultural mechanization on agricultural eco-efficiency

  • 摘要: 农业机械化是实现农业现代化的必由之路, 提升农业生态效率是推动农村生态文明建设的必然要求, 对农业机械化与农业生态效率之间的关系进行深入探究具有重要的现实意义。本文首先从理论上对农业机械化与农业生态效率之间的关系进行分析, 然后基于2005—2021年我国省级层面的面板数据, 使用全局参比的非期望产出SBM模型测算各省份的农业生态效率, 最后通过构建计量模型实证检验农业机械化对农业生态效率的影响。研究结果表明: 农业机械化的提高会对农业生态效率产生显著的积极影响, 农业机械化主要通过促进粮食增收和农业生产性服务业增长推动农业生态效率的提升; 农业机械化对农业生态效率存在非线性影响, 随着农地流转率的提高, 农业机械化对农业生态效率的影响逐渐由负向变为正向; 农业机械化对农业生态效率的影响因地形地貌条件、产区定位特征、农业机械化程度和农业生态效率水平的不同而存在显著性差异。本文的研究结果为推动农业机械化发展和提升农业生态效率提供了理论支撑及政策依据。

     

    Abstract: Agricultural mechanization is the only way to achieve agricultural modernization, and improving agricultural eco-efficiency is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of rural ecological civilization, exploring the relationship between agricultural mechanization and agricultural eco-efficiency in depth has important practical significance. This article first analyzes the relationship between agricultural mechanization and agricultural eco-efficiency from a theoretical perspective. Then based on panel data at the provincial level in China from 2005 to 2021, the global reference unexpected output Slack-Based Measure model is used to calculate the agricultural eco-efficiency of each region. Finally, an econometric model is constructed to empirical testing the impact of agricultural mechanization on agricultural eco-efficiency. The research results indicate that: The improvement of agricultural mechanization can have a significant positive impact on agricultural eco-efficiency, the agricultural mechanization mainly promotes the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency by increasing grain income and the growth of agricultural productive service industry; The agricultural mechanization has a non-linear impact on agricultural eco-efficiency, with the increase of agricultural land transfer rate, the impact of agricultural mechanization on agricultural ecological efficiency gradually changes from negative to positive; The impact of agricultural mechanization on agricultural eco-efficiency varies significantly due to differences in terrain and landform conditions, production area positioning characteristics, degree of agricultural mechanization, and level of agricultural ecological efficiency. The research results of this article provide theoretical support and policy basis for promoting the development of agricultural mechanization and improving agricultural eco-efficiency.

     

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