Abstract: Ecological agriculture is an inevitable trend for the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the background that the development goals of China's agricultural modernization have expanded from the two goals of “ensuring the supply of important agricultural products and food security” and “increasing the income of agricultural producers” to the three goals of “maintaining agricultural sustainability”, this paper argues from the aspects of theoretical logic, practical logic, and value logic that the transformation of China's agricultural modernization development goals is in line with the development laws of ecological agriculture. Therefore, it is believed that the transformation of China's agricultural modernization development goals has put forward new requirements for the transformation of ecological agriculture, including the transformation of ecological agriculture from instrumental rationality to value rationality at the ideological level, the transformation from traditional technology to digital and intelligent empowerment in terms of growth momentum transition, and the transformation from product supply to value transformation in terms of functional expansion. In light of the development trend of agriculture, it is proposed that during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's ecological agriculture should focus on the following key tasks: anchoring the ecological security bottom line for the construction of an agricultural power, building a diversified and collaborative pattern of ecological agricultural business entities, creating a full-chain green and low-carbon agricultural industrial system, establishing a smart ecological agricultural technology support system, enhancing the international discourse power and influence of ecological agriculture development, and improving the policy and legal system for supporting the development of ecological agriculture.