Abstract: Under the strategic framework of Chinese path to modernization, agricultural digitalization is the key technical support for building a new agricultural production system, and agricultural greening is the value thread that runs through development. Through systematic reconstruction of eco-friendly production mode, it has become a strategic fulcrum to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the construction of a powerful agricultural country. This study is based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022, and constructs an indicator system from three dimensions: agricultural digitization, modernization, and greening (DMG). It empirically tests the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of the coupling and coordination of agricultural DMG. The results indicate that: 1) There is a significant synergistic effect among the digitalization, modernization, and greening systems of agriculture, and the overall coordination level of the country will reach a moderate level by 2022. 2) Among different regions, the coordination degree of DMG shows a spatial pattern of East and Central parts being greater than West and Northeast parts and, the differences between regions are gradually converging. 3) Agricultural modernization is the core driving force, promoting the synergy of DMG through improving production efficiency and eco-friendly practices. 4) The potential for coupling and coordinated development varies significantly among provinces, but tends towards balance. Based on this, the study proposes suggestions to promote the integration of digital infrastructure and the construction of a digital agricultural talent system, improve the regional coordination mechanism driven by modern agriculture, drive modernization transformation with agricultural technology investment, and implement precise policies to unleash development potential, in order to promote green and sustainable development of agriculture.