稻田农场管理现状与生态景观建设对策

Current status of management and strategies for ecological landscape construction in paddy farming

  • 摘要: 推进生态农场景观建设对实现高效、环保和可持续的农业发展具有重要意义。本研究通过对江苏省55家水稻农场管理者的问卷与实地调研, 系统分析了生态景观建设的现状、管理者认知与偏好以及生态补偿意愿, 揭示了当前生态用地建设面临的主要瓶颈与差异化需求。结果表明, 大部分农场生态用地面积占比不足1%, 且有机农场的生态用地比例显著高于常规农场。生态沟渠、花草带和秸秆还田等物理与农艺措施应用较为普遍, 而防护林、生态水塘及生物多样性相关措施应用较少。管理者普遍认可生态用地的美观、污染防控和害虫控制功能, 但对传粉服务、健康效益等生态功能认知较为有限。在布局偏好方面, 管理者多倾向于在道路两侧设置生态用地, 植被类型以花草类为主, 最重视其经济价值和害虫控制功能。害虫防治中, 物理防治措施接受度最高, 生物措施应用较少。有机农场更倾向采用生物和物理防治, 常规农场则仍依赖化学防治。多数管理者(72.73%)支持生态用地建设, 且普遍希望生态用地比例不超过5%, 并强烈偏好长期生态补偿机制, 反映出其对经济风险和可持续收益的双重关切, 另有20.00%持反对意见, 7.27%持中立态度。因此, 建议采取循序渐进的推广策略, 加强生态用地生态与经济价值的宣传, 并制定相应经济激励政策, 为推进农业现代化提供重要支持。

     

    Abstract: Promoting the construction of ecological farm landscapes is crucial for achieving efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable agricultural development. This study conducted questionnaire surveys and field investigations with 55 rice farm managers in Jiangsu Province to systematically analyze the current status of ecological landscape construction, managers’ perceptions and preferences, and their willingness to participate in ecological compensation. This study revealed the main bottlenecks and differentiated demands currently faced in ecological land construction. The results showed that the ecological land area on most farms accounted for less than 1% of the total land area and that the proportion of ecological land on organic farms was significantly higher than that on conventional farms. Physical and agronomic measures such as ecological ditches, flower and grass belts, and straw return were relatively common. In contrast, the application of protective forests, ecological ponds, and biodiversity-related measures was limited. Managers recognized the aesthetics, pollution prevention, and pest control functions of ecological land but had limited awareness of ecological functions, such as pollination services and health benefits. Regarding layout preferences, most managers tended to allocate ecological land along roadsides, with a preference for vegetation types dominated by flowers and grass. They placed the highest importance on economic value and pest control functions. In terms of pest management, physical control measures were the most accepted, whereas biological measures were less frequently adopted. Organic farms were more likely to adopt biological and physical control methods, whereas conventional farms still relied on chemical control methods. Most managers (72.73%) supported ecological land construction, with a general preference for maintaining the proportion of ecological land below 5%. They strongly favored long-term ecological compensation mechanisms, reflecting their dual concerns about economic risks and sustainable benefits. Meanwhile, 20.00% opposed the initiative and 7.27% remained neutral. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt a step-by-step promotion strategy, strengthen communication of the ecological and economic values of ecological land, and formulate corresponding economic incentive policies to provide crucial support for advancing agricultural modernization.

     

/

返回文章
返回