Abstract: This study focused on the impacts of ecological restoration measures based on MICP-TBS (Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation-Thick-layer Basematerial Spraying) on slope soils, with an emphasis on elucidating the synergistic evolutionary mechanisms between soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities. The findings revealed that ecological restoration measures (XF), improved the soil physicochemical characteristics. Compared to the control group, soil pH increased from 4.30 to 5.20, organic matter content increased from 8.06 to 15.67 g·kg⁻¹, total nitrogen content increased from 0.32 to 0.53 g·kg⁻¹, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased from 24.37 to 43.60 mg·kg⁻¹, available phosphorus content increased from 0.27 to 15.88 mg·kg⁻¹, and available potassium content increased from 70.00 to 110.67 mg·kg⁻¹, indicating a significant enhancement in soil fertility. α diversity indices demonstrated that XF treatment resulted in higher species richness in the microbial community. β diversity analysis further confirmed significant differences in microbial community composition between the XF and control treatments. The XF treatment showed enrichment of Actinobacteriota, γ-Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidota. Notably, the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms, such as Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, and Sinomonas significantly increased, thereby enhancing organic matter decomposition and carbon-nitrogen nutrient cycling. In contrast, the control group was dominated by indigenous microorganisms such as Chloroflexi and Acidobacteriota, which maintain basic soil functions. Available phosphorus content was determined to be the most crucial environmental factor through distance-based redundancy analysis, with explanatory power as high as 98.34%. Correlation analysis between species and environmental factors revealed that unclassified genera in the B12-WMSP1 order were extremely significantly negatively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, whereas Mycobacterium showed extremely significant positive correlations with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter content. Unclassified genera under the JG30-KF-CM45 family were significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus. These findings clarify the synergistic evolutionary patterns of soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities under ecological restoration measures, while also provide important theoretical foundations and practical guidance for slope ecological restoration projects. This study has significant implications for advancing the optimization and application of ecological restoration technologies.