数字乡村建设对农业面源污染的影响研究

Impact of digital rural construction on agricultural non point source pollution

  • 摘要: 数字乡村建设作为农业高质量发展和乡村振兴的重要抓手, 对农业面源污染防治具有重要作用。本文基于2013—2022年中国省级面板数据, 从乡村基础设施、农业生产性投入和乡村生活转型发展3个维度构建数字乡村建设评价指标体系, 测算了数字乡村建设水平和农业面源污染强度, 实证检验了数字乡村建设对农业面源污染的作用效应和传导机制。研究发现: 第一, 我国数字乡村建设和农业面源污染分别总体呈逐年上升和下降趋势, 并且存在空间地理区位差异。第二, 数字乡村建设显著促进农业面源污染防治, 经过稳健性检验后, 结论依然成立。第三, 产业结构升级和农业科技进步在其中发挥中介作用。第四, 异质性分析结果显示, 数字乡村建设对东部和中部的农业面源污染均具有显著的抑制作用, 但对西部和东北地区效果不明显, 对粮食主产区和非粮食主产区以及农药、化肥、农膜和农用柴油4种污染源均有明显的抑制作用。基于以上结论, 提出要加强数字乡村建设, 加大对西部和东北地区的政策支持力度, 不断优化产业结构。

     

    Abstract: Agricultural non-point source pollution has become a major factor restricting sustainable agricultural development and ecological environmental protection. As a key measure to promote high-quality agricultural development and rural revitalization, digital rural construction plays an important role in the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, we aim to examine the impact of digital rural construction on agricultural non-point source pollution, analyze its effects and transmission mechanisms, and propose corresponding countermeasures to support pollution prevention and control. Extensive research has been conducted on both digital rural construction and agricultural non-point source pollution, providing a solid theoretical and practical foundation for this study. However, a review of the literature indicates that analyses of digital rural construction have primarily remained at the theoretical level, focusing on its social and economic benefits. By contrast, more attention has been paid to the causes and current state of agricultural non-point source pollution, with environmental regulation emerging as a primary research focus. The ecological effects of digital rural construction, along with its potential role in pollution prevention and control, remain insufficiently explored. In view of this gap, we adopted a research methodology that combined theoretical analysis with empirical testing. First, a theoretical framework was developed to analyze the impact of digital rural construction on agricultural non-point source pollution. Then, a mathematical model and an evaluation index system were constructed. The evaluation index system for digital rural construction included 14 secondary indicators from three dimensions: construction of digital rural, productive investment in digital rural, and transformation and development of rural life. With the agricultural non-point source pollution as the entry point, this study explored the ecological effects of digital rural construction by using provincial-level panel data from China covering the years 2013 to 2022, to enrich the understanding of its ecological functions, and proposed new strategies for pollution prevention and control. The results showed that the level of digital rural construction in China has generally risen, whereas agricultural non-point source pollution has declined, particularly in the eastern and central regions. Empirical findings revealed that: 1) digital rural construction significantly promoted the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and this conclusion remained robust after a series of sensitivity tests. 2) Digital rural construction helped to reduce pollution by upgrading the industrial structure and advancing agricultural technologies. 3) Heterogeneity analysis indicated that digital rural construction significantly curbed agricultural non-point source pollution in both the eastern and central regions, whereas its effect was not statistically significant in the western and northeastern regions. It also exerted a notable inhibitory effect in both major grain-producing and non-major grain-producing areas and effectively reduced pollution from four key sources: pesticides, chemical fertilizers, agricultural films, and agricultural diesel. Based on these findings, this study proposes strengthening digital rural construction, improving the digitalization of agricultural and rural activities, enhancing agricultural science and technology, continuously optimizing the industrial structure, fully leveraging the influence of the eastern and central regions, and increasing policy support for the western and northeastern regions.

     

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