Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on physiological characteristics and yield of cotton

MENG Yanjun; MA Xinying; SONG Chen; SUN Hongchun; LIU Liantao; ZHANG Ke; ZHANG Yongjiang; BAI Zhiying; LI Cundong

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230002

Volume 31 Issue 9

Sep. 2023

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Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture > 2023 > 31(9): 1379-1391. > DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230002 CSTR: 32371.14.cjea.20230002

MENG Y J, MA X Y, SONG C, SUN H C, LIU L T, ZHANG K, ZHANG Y J, BAI Z Y, LI C D. Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on physiological characteristics and yield of cotton[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(9): 1379−1391. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20230002

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Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on physiological characteristics and yield of cotton

MENG Yanjun^{1, 2,},
MA Xinying^{1, 2},
SONG Chen^{1, 2},
SUN Hongchun²,
LIU Liantao²,
ZHANG Ke²,
ZHANG Yongjiang²,
BAI Zhiying^{1, 2, ,},
LI Cundong^2, ,

1.
College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province / College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China

Funds: This study was supported by the Key R&D Program of Hebei Province (20326409D), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2022204036), the Independent Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation (NCCIR2020ZZ-18), and Hebei Modern Cotton Industry Technology System (HBCT2023070207).

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Corresponding author:
BAI Zhiying, E-mail: zhiyingbai@126.com

LI Cundong, E-mail: nxylcd@hebau.edu.cn
Received Date: January 01, 2023
Accepted Date: March 26, 2023
Available Online: March 28, 2023

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Abstract

Abstract

Water and nitrogen are the main factors affecting the growth, development, and yield of cotton. In this study, “Nongda Cotton No. 36” was selected to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen on morphology, physiological characteristics, and yield of cotton. Two water conditions were set: drought stress (W1, relative water content was 45%±5%) and normal water supply (W2, relative water content was 70%±5%), and three nitrogen levels: no nitrogen (N0), low nitrogen [N1, 69 mg(N)∙kg⁻¹], and normal nitrogen fertilizers [N2, 138 mg(N)∙kg⁻¹]. Changes in aboveground and root morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, and cotton yield were analyzed under different water and nitrogen fertilizer conditions. The results showed that compared with the W2 treatments, the W1 treatments significantly inhibited cotton growth and decreased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total root length, total root surface area, and average root diameter (P<0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were significantly enhanced, the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) were decreased, and the photosynthetic capacity was weakened, resulting in a decrease in cotton yield (P<0.05). Compared with the N2 treatments, the N0 and N1 treatments significantly reduced plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total root length, total root surface area, and average root diameter of cotton (P<0.05). The activities of SOD, POD, CAT, glutamine synthetase (GS), nitrate reductase (NR), SPAD, and F_v/F_m in cotton were significantly decreased under the N0 and N1 treatments, and the photosynthetic capacity of cotton was weakened. Thus, the cotton yield decreased (P<0.05). Under drought stress, conventional nitrogen application promoted the growth of the aboveground and underground parts of cotton; significantly increased the SPAD, net photosynthetic rate, and F_v/F_m in main-stem leaves (P<0.05); and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) and nitrogen metabolism enzymes (GS and NR) (P<0.05), which alleviated the damage caused by drought stress and increased the cotton yield. Under low-nitrogen conditions, the normal water supply treatment promoted the growth of cotton; enhanced photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities, and yield (P<0.05); and alleviated the adverse effects of low-nitrogen stress on cotton. Therefore, cotton yield under drought stress can be increased by increasing nitrogen fertilizer, and cotton yield under low-nitrogen stress can be increased by appropriately increasing irrigation water. The results provide a theoretical basis for clarifying rational water and fertilizer management of cotton under nitrogen and water stresses.
- Cotton,
- Regulation of water and nitrogen,
- Plant morphology,
- Physiological characters,
- Seed cotton yield

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