闫国振, 张征, 梁康, 娄华君. 鄂尔多斯高原泊江海子流域土地利用动态变化及驱动因素分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2017, 25(11): 1693-1706. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170012
引用本文: 闫国振, 张征, 梁康, 娄华君. 鄂尔多斯高原泊江海子流域土地利用动态变化及驱动因素分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2017, 25(11): 1693-1706. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170012
YAN Guozhen, ZHANG Zheng, LIANG Kang, LOU Huajun. Characteristics and driving factors of land use change in the Bojiang Lake Basin in Ordos Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(11): 1693-1706. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170012
Citation: YAN Guozhen, ZHANG Zheng, LIANG Kang, LOU Huajun. Characteristics and driving factors of land use change in the Bojiang Lake Basin in Ordos Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(11): 1693-1706. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170012

鄂尔多斯高原泊江海子流域土地利用动态变化及驱动因素分析

Characteristics and driving factors of land use change in the Bojiang Lake Basin in Ordos Plateau, China

  • 摘要: 土地作为陆地生态系统的载体,其利用方式的变化直接影响着陆地生态系统服务功能的种类和强度。泊江海子流域位于鄂尔多斯高原干旱半干旱区,生态系统脆弱,流域生态系统服务功能在近十几年严重退化。本文基于Landsat影像数据提取了研究区1990—2015年间的6期土地利用数据,分析研究区土地利用时空变化特征及其驱动因素。结果显示:研究期内主要的土地利用类型为草地、耕地和未利用地,土地利用总体变化显著。空间变化上呈东西部及中北部耕地增加、南部未利用地减少的主要趋势。各土地利用类型面积变化及转换特征不一。草地整体处于动态转换平衡状态,约占流域总面积的70%。耕地和未利用地分别呈增加和减少的趋势,变化面积分别占流域总面积的6.05%和7.62%,其各自的主要来源或去向均为草地。水域面积减少了总面积的1.45%,主要转出去向为滩地。1995—2000年是土地利用转换最为频繁的时段,2005—2010年间土地利用变化呈动态不平衡状态的表现最为突出。研究期内流域土地利用变化受降雨减少、气温升高等气候变化和生态恢复工程建设、水利工程建设等人类活动的综合驱动影响。合理规划土地利用,限制种植高耗水树种及作物,减少河流上游汇水区耕地等,是保障研究区生态系统可持续健康发展的重要措施。

     

    Abstract: Land use change can directly affect the variety and intensity of terrestrial ecosystem service functions. The Bojiang Lake Basin (BLB) is located in the Ordos Plateau in China and it belongs to the fragile ecosystem of the arid/semi-arid region.In the last decade, degradation of ecosystem services function in BLB has further jeopardized the endangered Larus relictus birds. Land use structure and pattern in BLB have changed significantly in recent decades. However, few studies have been done on land use change and the related driving factors. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and the related driving factors of land use change in BLB during 1990-2015 to provide a reference base for the improvement of ecosystem services function and the protection of L. relictus birds. In the study, six periods (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015) of 30 m resolution of land use data were extracted from Landsat remote sensing images. Land use change was investigated using trend and status index methods and then the main driving factors (i.e., climate change and human activity) analyzed. The results showed that grassland, farmland and unused land were the main land use types in 1990-2015, and there was significant change in land use in the BLB study area. Based on spatial variation, there was an increasing trend in farmland in the eastern, western and north-central regions, and then a decreasing trend in unused land in the southern region. The characteristics of the variation in area and dynamic conversion of each land use type were different. There was a dynamic balance in transformation in high, medium and low coverage grasslands, occupying some 70% of the lake basin. Farmland and unused land respectively had an apparent increase and decrease in trend. There was 6.05% increase in farmland area and 7.62% decrease in unused land area in the lake basin. Grassland was the main source of income for farmlands and therefore the main export for unused lands. The water area was decreased by 1.45% of the total area in 1990-2015, with bottomland as the main export. In the period 1995-2000 there was frequently transformation in land use, which in 2005-2010 had the most dynamic imbalance in land use change. Both climatic factors and human activities significantly affected land use change in the BLB study area. Specifically in 1990-2015, the transformation in land use types was due to the combined effects of warming and drying climate (expressed as declining precipitation and rising temperature) and intensifying anthropogenic disturbances (expressed as ecological restoration and water conservancy projects). The increase in farmland, woodland and buildup area and the decrease in unused land were more affected by anthropogenic disturbances. The decrease in water body and high coverage grassland and the increase in medium and low coverage grasslands were due to both climatic factors and human activities. Therefore, a reasonable land use planning such as restricting planting of forest with high water use, reducing the area of farmland in the catchment of the upper reaches of the rivers was critical for the protection for healthy and sustainable development of the study area.

     

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