马云艳, 徐万里, 唐光木, 顾美英, 薛泉宏. 生防链霉菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤微生物区系的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2017, 25(3): 400-409. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160583
引用本文: 马云艳, 徐万里, 唐光木, 顾美英, 薛泉宏. 生防链霉菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤微生物区系的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2017, 25(3): 400-409. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160583
MA Yunyan, XU Wanli, TANG Guangmu, GU Meiying, XUE Quanhong. Effect of cotton stalk biochar application on soil microflora of continuous cotton cropping under use of antagonistic actinomycetes[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(3): 400-409. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160583
Citation: MA Yunyan, XU Wanli, TANG Guangmu, GU Meiying, XUE Quanhong. Effect of cotton stalk biochar application on soil microflora of continuous cotton cropping under use of antagonistic actinomycetes[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(3): 400-409. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160583

生防链霉菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤微生物区系的影响

Effect of cotton stalk biochar application on soil microflora of continuous cotton cropping under use of antagonistic actinomycetes

  • 摘要: 棉花是重要的经济作物,长期连作能引起棉花土壤微生态的失衡、土传病害加重、进而导致产量和品质的下降,影响棉花产业的健康发展。本文以连作棉田土壤为研究对象,进行室内培养试验,在施用生防放线菌黄三素链霉菌(Streptomyces flavotricini)的基础上添加不同量的棉秆炭0 g·kg-1(CK)、25.0 g·kg-1、50.0 g·kg-1、100.0 g·kg-1,采用微生物计数和16S rDNA基因序列分析的方法,研究两者配施对连作棉田土壤中生防菌数量、微生物数量和种类的影响,为棉花黄萎病的生物防治提供新的思路。研究结果表明:(1)生防放线菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤中微生物区系有显著的影响。与单施生防放线菌菌剂的处理相比,两者配施显著增加了土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌数量,其中配施25.0 g·kg-1棉秆炭处理使土壤中细菌/真菌数量比(B/F)、放线菌/真菌数量比(A/F)分别增加了5 271.2%和30.8%(P < 0.05)。(2)土壤中生防放线菌数量随着棉秆炭施用量增加而显著增加,配施100.0 g·kg-1棉秆炭处理显著增加了2 672.8%(P < 0.05)。棉秆炭具有作为生防放线菌良好载体的潜力。(3)生防放线菌配施棉秆炭也改变了土壤中优势微生物的数量和比例,尤其提高了细菌中芽孢杆菌的数量和所占的比例;100.0 g·kg-1棉秆炭与菌剂配施使土壤中链霉菌的数量及比例显著高于对照,但降低了小单孢菌数量;增加了真菌中米曲梅、黑曲霉和木霉的数量,但使其所占比例降低。由此可以看出,生防放线菌配施棉秆炭能提高连作棉田土壤中生防放线菌的数量,增强生防菌制剂的防病促生作用,改善连作棉田土壤微生物群落结构,在防控棉花连作障碍上具有较大的应用潜力。

     

    Abstract: As an important cash crop, cotton usually continuously cropped for a long-term, which causes an imbalance of soil microbial ecology, incidence of soil-borne disease increase, yield and quality decline, preventing the healthy development of cotton industry. Biochar application can increase soil microbe activity due to its higher porosity, huge specific surface area and ability of nutrient absorption. Biocontrol agents have been found to be effective in adjusting soil environment, alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and controlling soil-borne diseases. However, it is not clear how the biochar affects soil microbe of continuously cropped cotton field under the application of the biocontrol agent of antagonistic actinomycetes. In this paper, a lab incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of cotton stalk biochar application on soil microflora of continuous cotton cropping under use of antagonistic actinomycetes. Based on antagonistic actinomycetes application, the experiment was designed in 4 treatments of biochar rate-0 g·kg-1 (control), 25.0 g·kg-1, 50.0 g·kg-1 and 100.0 g·kg-1. The soil microflora was investigated after 15 days of incubation. The results showed that:1) cotton stalk biochar influenced soil microflora under the application of antagonistic actinomycetes. Compared with control, cotton stalk biochar significantly increased the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil. Applications with 25.0 g·kg-1 biochar increased bacteria/fungi (B/F) and actinomycetes/fungi (A/F) by 5 271.2% and 30.8% (P < 0.05), respectively. 2) The number of antagonistic actinomycetes significantly increased with increasing application of cotton stalk biochar. Applications with 100.0 g·kg-1 biochar into the soil significantly increased antagonistic actinomycete population by 2 672.8% (P < 0.05). Cotton stalk carbon served as a potential carrier of biocontrol actinomycetes. 3) Antagonistic actinomycetes with cotton stalk biochar changed the number and proportion of dominant microorganisms in the soil, and especially improved the number and proportion of Bacillus. The number and proportion of Streptomyces under the treatment with 100.0 g·kg-1 biochar into the soil were significantly higher than those of control treatment, while the number and proportion of Micromonospora were lower. The number of Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii increased while the proportions decreased. Therefore, the application of antagonistic actinomycetes and cotton stalk biochar increased the number of biocontrol agent and enhanced disease-controlling and growth-promoting abilities of antagonistic actinomycete, and also improved the structure of soil microbial community. It was concluded that the application of antagonistic actinomycetes and cotton stalk biochar had the potential to alleviate the adverse effects of continuous cropping cotton.

     

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