李超, 刘洋, 陈恺林, 方宝华, 汤文光, 周学其, 张玉烛, 陈松. 灌溉方式对优质晚稻褐飞虱及其主要天敌种群动态的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2016, 24(10): 1391-1400. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160386
引用本文: 李超, 刘洋, 陈恺林, 方宝华, 汤文光, 周学其, 张玉烛, 陈松. 灌溉方式对优质晚稻褐飞虱及其主要天敌种群动态的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2016, 24(10): 1391-1400. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160386
LI Chao, LIU Yang, CHEN Kailin, FANG Baohua, TANG Wenguang, ZHOU Xueqi, ZHANG Yuzhu, CHEN Song. Effect of irrigation method on population dynamics of Nilaparvata lugens and natural enemies of high-quality late rice field[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(10): 1391-1400. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160386
Citation: LI Chao, LIU Yang, CHEN Kailin, FANG Baohua, TANG Wenguang, ZHOU Xueqi, ZHANG Yuzhu, CHEN Song. Effect of irrigation method on population dynamics of Nilaparvata lugens and natural enemies of high-quality late rice field[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(10): 1391-1400. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160386

灌溉方式对优质晚稻褐飞虱及其主要天敌种群动态的影响

Effect of irrigation method on population dynamics of Nilaparvata lugens and natural enemies of high-quality late rice field

  • 摘要: 优质晚稻米以其良好的口感而备受消费者欢迎, 灌溉方式作为优质晚稻的重要栽培措施之一, 研究其对褐飞虱及其主要天敌种群动态的影响, 找出一种能够有效降低褐飞虱发生的灌溉方式, 从而减少化学农药用量, 提高优质晚稻稻米品质, 对实现提质增效意义重大。本研究设置长期灌溉、间歇灌溉、湿润灌溉及非充分灌溉4种灌溉方式, 研究不同灌溉方式在两种害虫防治方式(生物防治和化学防治)及防虫网全隔离和半隔离方式下对优质晚稻褐飞虱及其主要天敌(拟环纹豹蛛和黑肩绿盲蝽)种群动态的影响, 以期为优质晚稻绿色栽培提供理论支撑。结果表明: 生物防治下, 黑肩绿盲蝽的始见期迟于褐飞虱, 与褐飞虱间主要表现为跟随效应, 只利用黑肩绿盲蝽不能有效控制褐飞虱的发生。在晚稻褐飞虱快速增长的主要时期(孕穗—乳熟期), 长期灌溉的褐飞虱种群数量显著低于非充分灌溉, 非充分灌溉的拟环纹豹蛛种群数显著低于其他灌溉方式; 黑肩绿盲蝽、拟环纹豹蛛的种群变化与褐飞虱种群变化相关性显著(P<0.05), 当田间褐飞虱种群数量低于1 891.1只百丛1, 蛛虱比(拟环纹豹蛛︰褐飞虱)大于1︰9.67时, 拟环纹豹蛛能够完全控制褐飞虱的发生。化学防治下, 化学农药对各灌溉方式下的黑肩绿盲蝽均具有严重的致死效应, 而长期灌溉能够有效降低化学农药对拟环纹豹蛛的毒害。综上所述, 长期灌溉有利于保护稻田主要天敌, 对褐飞虱的防控效果最好, 生产中结合节水理念, 可在晚稻全生育期内探索采用分段长期灌溉, 从而达到既节约水资源又有效减少化学农药用量的效果。

     

    Abstract: High-quality late rice is preferred by most consumers for its good taste. Irrigation is an important management practice in rice cultivation. This study analyzed the effects of irrigation method on the population dynamics of Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) and the main natural enemies Cyrtorrhinus livdipennis (Reute), Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bose. et Str., l906) of high-quality late rice. The study also determined the effective irrigation method which reduced the occurrence of N. lugens , that in turn reduced the use of chemical pesticides, and improved rice quality and cultivation efficiency. To do so, deficit irrigation, wet irrigation, intermittent irrigation and long-term irrigation were set up to study the effects of the various irrigation methods on the population dynamics of N. lugens and the main natural enemies of high-quality late rice under two pest control methods (biological and chemical control) and two isolation methods (semi-partitioning and full-partitioning method). The results showed that C. livdipennis occurred after N. lugens , which limited the effective control of N. lugens by C. livdipennis . The population of N. lugens under long-term irrigation was less than that under deficit irrigation and P. pseudoannulata under deficit irrigation was less than that under other irrigation methods. These differences were significant for main growth stages (booting stage to milk stage) when there was rapid growth of late rice brown plant hopper under biological control. There were significant correlations of population changes between P. pseudoannulata and C. livdipennis and N. lugens. P. pseudoannulata had an absolute control over N. lugens when N. lugens population was less than 1 891.1 per 100-clump and the ratio of N. lugens to P. pseudoannulata exceeded 9.67. Chemical pesticides had a severe lethal effect on C. livdipennis under all the irrigation methods. Long-term irrigation greatly reduced the toxicity of chemical pesticides to P. pseudoannulata . In summary, long-term irrigation was beneficial for the protection of main natural enemies of paddy rice and it was the best prevention option for N. lugens . Long-term irrigation combined production with water saving, explored the use of sub-long-term irrigation in the growth period of late rice and thereby enhanced effective water saving and reduced use of chemical pesticides.

     

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