王红营, 潘学鹏, 罗建美, 罗仲朋, 常春平, 沈彦俊. 基于遥感的华北平原农作物时空分布变化特征分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2015, 23(9): 1199-1209. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150506
引用本文: 王红营, 潘学鹏, 罗建美, 罗仲朋, 常春平, 沈彦俊. 基于遥感的华北平原农作物时空分布变化特征分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2015, 23(9): 1199-1209. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150506
WANG Hongying, PAN Xuepeng, LUO Jianmei, LUO Zhongpeng, CHANG Chunping, SHEN Yanjun. Using remote sensing to analyze spatiotemporal variations in crop planting in the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(9): 1199-1209. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150506
Citation: WANG Hongying, PAN Xuepeng, LUO Jianmei, LUO Zhongpeng, CHANG Chunping, SHEN Yanjun. Using remote sensing to analyze spatiotemporal variations in crop planting in the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(9): 1199-1209. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150506

基于遥感的华北平原农作物时空分布变化特征分析

Using remote sensing to analyze spatiotemporal variations in crop planting in the North China Plain

  • 摘要: 作物种植面积的多年时空变化是进行农业结构调整和优化的基础, 也是开展农业减灾、地下水保护的重要依据。为了解华北平原主要作物近年来种植面积的时空变化过程, 本文基于2000—2013年的MODIS NDVI数据和TM/ETM遥感数据提取当地主要作物的种植面积, 并分析了华北平原主要作物近年来的时空变化特征。结果表明: ①基于MODIS NDVI数据和TM/ETM遥感数据提取当地主要作物的种植面积, 提取精度较高, 结果可靠; ②冬小麦夏玉米主要分布于太行山前平原、山东省和河南省的引黄河灌区, 单季玉米在河北平原北部分布最广, 水稻集中分布于天津、河北唐山地区和黄河沿岸, 蔬菜主要分布在城市郊区, 林果分散分布于几个产果区和京津周边地区, 棉花主要集中于华北平原中部地区。③华北平原粮食作物(小麦、玉米和水稻)种植面积明显下降, 经济作物(林果和蔬菜)则显著增加, 其中林果、蔬菜和水稻的面积变化率较大, 分别为56.45%、35.76%和23.16%, 蔬菜和水稻的位置转移明显。④景观格局AWMPFD和SHEI指数值表明, 河北平原以南的冬小麦夏玉米种植规模化程度提高, 豫北地区冬小麦夏玉米种植面积增加, 豫北以北地区由于各类经济作物种植面积增加, 区域作物种植多样化指数增加。该结果可为农业种植结构调整、资源合理利用提供参考。

     

    Abstract: With 141 000 km2 area and accounting for approximately 20% of China’s grain production, the North China Plain is one of the most important agricultural regions in China. Agricultural land uses affect land surface energy and water balance. With changes in natural condition and economics, the spatial distribution patterns of crops change accordingly, affecting the quantity and quality of regional food production. It is important to precisely determine the distributions of land areas under different crops. This lays the basis for not only adjustment and optimization of agricultural structure, but also the reduction of agricultural disaster and protection of groundwater resources. As an advanced technique, remote sensing is widely used in crop research in terms of changes in spatial patterns at different spatial and temporal scales. Remote sensing can also be used to accurately monitor crop planting in real time at low cost. To understand the spatiotemporal variations in crop planting in the North China Plain, this paper established a method for classifying agricultural land use using MODIS NDVI and TM/ETM data. Raw 16-day composite NDVI data were firstly processed using HANTS filtering and then combined with multiple cropping index (MCI) to extract planting areas of winter wheat/summer maize, single-cropping maize, forest and fruit trees, and cotton. The planting areas of vegetables and rice were next extracted by supervised classification using the TM/ETM image data. Finally, the spatiotemporal variations in the main crops planting areas in the North China Plain from 2000 to 2013 were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) The planting areas of the main corps of the study area extracted from MODIS NDVI and TM/ETM data were stable and highly precise. 2) Winter wheat/summer maize mainly distributed in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain and in the Yellow River irrigation regions of Shandong and Henan Provinces. While single-cropping maize widely distributed in the north of Hebei Plain, rice was concentrated in Tianjin, Tangshan and along the coast of the Yellow River. Also vegetables mainly distributed in the suburbs whereas forest and fruit trees scattered over major fruit producing areas and around Beijing and Tianjin. Cotton concentrated in the central region of the North China Plain. 3) The planting areas of food crops (wheat, maize and rice) in the North China Plain decreased obviously. However, economic crops (forest and fruit trees, and vegetables) increased significantly. The percentage changes in area of forest and fruit trees, vegetables and rice were respectively 56.45%, 35.76% and 23.16%. Furthermore, vegetables and rice had an obvious shift in planting area. 4) Landscape pattern indexes of area weighted mean patch fractal dimension and Shannon’s evenness index showed that large-scale degree of winter wheat/summer maize planting enhanced in the south of Hebei Plain, while the planting area of winter wheat/summer maize increased in North Henan. Because different planting areas of several kinds of economic crops in the north of North Henan increased, regional crop diversity index increased. The results provided a critical reference for adjusting agricultural planting structure and reasonable utilization of resources.

     

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