徐高峰, 申时才, 张付斗, 张云, 毛佳, 金桂梅. 外来入侵植物小子虉草研究进展与展望[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2015, 23(9): 1083-1092. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150392
引用本文: 徐高峰, 申时才, 张付斗, 张云, 毛佳, 金桂梅. 外来入侵植物小子虉草研究进展与展望[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2015, 23(9): 1083-1092. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150392
XU Gaofeng, SHEN Shicai, ZHANG Fudou, ZHANG Yun, MAO Jia, JIN Guimei. Research progress and prospect about exotic invasive species Phalaris minor Retz.[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(9): 1083-1092. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150392
Citation: XU Gaofeng, SHEN Shicai, ZHANG Fudou, ZHANG Yun, MAO Jia, JIN Guimei. Research progress and prospect about exotic invasive species Phalaris minor Retz.[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(9): 1083-1092. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150392

外来入侵植物小子虉草研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect about exotic invasive species Phalaris minor Retz.

  • 摘要: 入侵植物小子虉草(Phalaris minor Retz.)对入侵地冬春农作物, 尤其是麦类作物危害严重, 是世界公认的麦田恶性杂草。近年来, 小子虉草在云南省大面积暴发危害, 且种群不断扩张, 严重威胁农田生态系统和粮食生产安全。然而, 我国目前除作者前期开展了初步研究外, 尚少见其他研究报道, 给其预警与防控带来较大困难。本文根据国外近年来的研究进展和作者前期研究结果, 首先综述目前小子虉草在世界的空间分布, 从种间竞争、化感作用等方面分析其对农作物的危害原因; 并从小子虉草的生物学特性、种群遗传特性、生态适应性以及入侵环境的可侵入性4个方面, 综述分析其种群入侵扩张的成因, 同时介绍了国外关于该入侵物种的防除方法。最后结合我国小子虉草的发生危害特点, 提出今后的研究建议。本文通过介绍小子虉草的生物学与生态学特性和种群的入侵扩张机制, 对该物种的早期预警、限制传播以及入侵生态系统的恢复与管理均具有重要的指导意义, 也为相关决策者掌握了解小子虉草和制定安全有效的防控策略提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Phalaris minor Retz., a native weed of the Mediterranean region, is the most serious annual grass weed in winter wheat fields. This paper reviewed the current state of researches on the invasive species, P. minor. Globally, P. minor has been reported in over 60 countries, covering all the continents except the polar regions. Presently, P. minor has spread widely across Yunnan Province and can now be found in Kunming, Chuxiong, Yuxi, Dali, Baoshan, Dehong, Yuxi and Honghe Cities. It is considered a seriously threat to the local economy and food production. The international drive is to adopt more effective and scientific forecast and control for P. minor infestation. In recent years, an increasing number of foreign researchers have become interested in studying this weed species and thus much progress has been made in understanding the biology and ecology of this species of weeds. However, research on P. minor in China has remained largely inadequate, resulting in difficulties in developing reliable early warning and control system for the weed. This paper reviewed some of the hot research issues on P. minor based on the abroad and domestic research results, including its distribution all across the world, the possible reasons for the damage it caused to crops (e. g. interspecific competition, allelopathy), the mechanisms underlying its invasion and spread, genetic variations in the weed population, and the highly adaptive ability and biological characteristics of the invasive weed to explain its highly successful rate of spread (e. g., morphological similarity of P. minor with wheat, small seed size and persistent soil seed bank). The paper also reviewed control methods of P. minor, which were divided into three general categories — manual, chemical and biological. Finally, three areas of future research were proposed: 1) multi-disciplinary mechanisms underlying its invasion and spread; 2) eco-physiological adaptation of the invasive species to global climate change; and 3) effective control of the invasive species. Thus it was very important to build an in-depth research on the invasive species in order to predict and prevent the successful invasion of P. minor, and to eventually lay the theoretical and technical support for the management of P. minor.

     

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