张雪佳, 王金涛, 董心亮, 田柳, 娄泊远, 刘小京, 孙宏勇. 地下微咸水埋深对土壤水盐分布与冬小麦耗水特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 417−427. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220882
引用本文: 张雪佳, 王金涛, 董心亮, 田柳, 娄泊远, 刘小京, 孙宏勇. 地下微咸水埋深对土壤水盐分布与冬小麦耗水特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 417−427. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220882
ZHANG X J, WANG J T, DONG X L, TIAN L, LOU B Y, LIU X J, SUN H Y. Effect of underground brackish water depth on soil water-salt distribution and water consumption of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 417−427. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220882
Citation: ZHANG X J, WANG J T, DONG X L, TIAN L, LOU B Y, LIU X J, SUN H Y. Effect of underground brackish water depth on soil water-salt distribution and water consumption of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 417−427. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220882

地下微咸水埋深对土壤水盐分布与冬小麦耗水特性的影响

Effect of underground brackish water depth on soil water-salt distribution and water consumption of winter wheat

  • 摘要: 环渤海低平原地区的冬小麦生产面临淡水资源短缺的制约, 高效安全利用较为丰富的浅层微咸水资源对农业可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。本研究于2021—2022年采用土柱模拟方法在中国科学院南皮生态农业试验站开展, 试验设置4个处理: 无地下水埋深淡水灌溉处理(CK), 地下微咸水埋深为0.5 m (GW1)、1.0 m (GW2)及1.5 m (GW3)处理, 每个处理3个重复, 对不同微咸水埋深下冬小麦土壤含水量及含盐量和水分利用特点进行调查。结果表明, 表层土壤(0~10 cm)含水量及含盐量随地下水埋深的增加而逐渐降低。与CK处理相比, GW1处理表层土壤含水量显著增加30.9%, GW3处理显著降低79.3%, 而与GW2处理无显著变化; GW1和GW2处理表层土壤盐含量显著增加3.4 g∙kg−1和2.0 g∙kg−1, 而GW3与CK处理之间差异不显著。GW1和GW2处理盐分主要积累在土壤表层(0~10 cm); GW3处理表层盐分较低, 主要积累在土壤30~50 cm深度。冬小麦蒸散量随地下水埋深的增加而显著降低, 与CK处理相比, GW1和GW2处理下冬小麦蒸散量显著增加50.2%和20.3%, GW3处理无显著差异。冬小麦产量在GW3处理下最高, 较CK处理显著提高38.04%; 同时, 该处理具有最高的生物量水平水分利用效率和产量水平水分利用效率, 显著高于CK处理26.7%和40.1%。上述结果表明, 咸水质量浓度为3 g·L−1, 地下水埋深在0.5~1.5 m的条件下, 1.5 m是冬小麦生长的适宜地下微咸水埋深上限, 此时, 表层含盐量和作物蒸散量最低, 产量和水分利用效率最优。

     

    Abstract: Production of winter wheat in the low plains around the Bohai Sea faces the constraint of freshwater resource shortage, and the efficient and safe use of the relatively abundant shallow brackish water resources is of great importance for sustainable agricultural development. Soil column simulation experiments were conducted at the Nanpi Ecological Agricultural Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2021–2022. Four treatments, including no groundwater but freshwater (487.5 mm) irrigation treatment (CK) and underground brackish water depths of 0.5 m (GW1), 1.0 m (GW2), and 1.5 m (GW3) with 20 mm freshwater irrigation were applied, with three replications for each treatment. This experiment investigated the characteristics of soil water, salinity content, and water use in winter wheat. The results showed that the distribution of soil water and salt in the surface soil (0–10 cm) gradually decreased with increasing groundwater depth. Compared with the CK treatment, the surface soil water content of the GW1 treatment significantly increased by 30.9% and that of the GW3 treatment significantly decreased by 79.3%, whereas there was no significant difference for the GW2 treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, the salinity of surface soil in the GW1 and GW2 treatments significantly increased by 3.4 g·kg−1 and 2.0 g·kg−1, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference in the GW3 treatment. Salt in the GW1 and GW2 treatments mainly accumulated in the surface soil, whereas that in the GW3 treatment was low and mainly accumulated at a depth of 30–50 cm. The evapotranspiration of winter wheat significantly decreased with increasing groundwater depth. The evapotranspiration of winter wheat significantly increased by 50.2% and 20.3% under the GW1 and GW2 treatments, respectively, compared to CK, and there was no significant difference between the GW3 and CK treatments. The grain yield of the GW3 treatment was the highest, which was significantly increased by 38.04% compared with that of the CK treatment. The highest values for water use efficiency at the biomass and yield levels in the GW3 treatment were significantly higher than those in the CK treatment by 26.7% and 40.1%, respectively. The above results show that 1.5 m is the upper limit of the suitable groundwater depth for winter wheat growth in underground brackish water shallow burial areas when the mass concentration of brackish water is 3 g·L−1 and groundwater depth is 0.5–1.5 m. Under these conditions, the surface salinity and crop evapotranspiration were the lowest, and the yield and water use efficiency were the best.

     

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