马泉, 钱晨诚, 贾文欣, 吴钰磊, 李春燕, 丁锦峰, 朱敏, 郭文善, 朱新开. 包膜尿素类型及施肥模式对稻茬小麦抗倒伏性能和产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(11): 1774−1783. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220195
引用本文: 马泉, 钱晨诚, 贾文欣, 吴钰磊, 李春燕, 丁锦峰, 朱敏, 郭文善, 朱新开. 包膜尿素类型及施肥模式对稻茬小麦抗倒伏性能和产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(11): 1774−1783. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220195
MA Q, QIAN C C, JIA W X, WU Y L, LI C Y, DING J F, ZHU M, GUO W S, ZHU X K. Effect of coated urea type and fertilization pattern on lodging resistance and yield of wheat following rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(11): 1774−1783. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220195
Citation: MA Q, QIAN C C, JIA W X, WU Y L, LI C Y, DING J F, ZHU M, GUO W S, ZHU X K. Effect of coated urea type and fertilization pattern on lodging resistance and yield of wheat following rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(11): 1774−1783. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220195

包膜尿素类型及施肥模式对稻茬小麦抗倒伏性能和产量的影响

Effect of coated urea type and fertilization pattern on lodging resistance and yield of wheat following rice

  • 摘要: 为研究包膜尿素对稻茬小麦抗倒伏性能的调控效应, 探讨协调稻茬小麦产量和抗倒伏性能的包膜尿素合理施用方式, 采用树脂包膜尿素(PCU)和硫包膜尿素(SCU)为材料, 设计3种施肥模式: 包膜尿素一次性基施(N1); 60%包膜尿素基施+40%普通尿素拔节期追施(N2); 60%包膜尿素基施+40%包膜尿素返青期追施(N3), 以普通尿素60%基施+40%返青期追施为对照(CK), 分析不同包膜尿素及施肥模式下稻茬小麦茎秆形态特征、抗倒伏能力和产量等的差异。结果表明, N1模式与CK相比显著降低小麦基部第2节间长度, 提高其充实度、茎秆粗度和秆壁厚度, 增强茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数; PCUN1和SCUN1田间实际倒伏系数分别仅为1.11和1.31, 但产量较低, 与CK均无显著差异。与N1模式相比, N2模式显著降低小麦开花期、乳熟期和蜡熟期基部第2节间充实度和抗倒伏指数, 显著提高小麦田间倒伏率和倒伏系数; N3模式产量水平最高, 在两种包膜尿素中均显著高于N1、N2模式和CK, 倒伏率和倒伏系数与N2模式无显著差异, 但显著低于CK。在N3模式下, PCU产量最高, 较CK增产14.75%, 基部第2节间长度显著低于SCU, 基部第2节间充实度、茎秆粗度和秆壁厚度均显著高于SCU, 且田间倒伏率和倒伏系数均呈低于SCU的趋势。综上, 树脂包膜尿素基施(60%)加返青期追施(40%)能一定程度上控制茎秆基部第2节间长度, 提高其充实度和抗折力, 降低小麦倒伏系数, 并且实现较高的产量增幅, 是有利于协调稻茬小麦高产与抗倒伏的施肥方式。

     

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of coated urea on the lodging resistance of wheat following rice and evaluate the rational application of coated urea to coordinate the yield and lodging resistance of wheat following rice. Resin-coated urea (PCU) and sulfur-coated urea (SCU) were used as the experimental materials, and three fertilization patterns were designed: 100% coated urea applied before sowing (N1); 60% coated urea applied before sowing and 40% urea at jointing (N2); and 60% coated urea applied before sowing and 40% coated urea at regreening stage (N3). A control (CK), with 60% urea applied before sowing and 40% at regreening stage, was also included. The differences in stem morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, and grain yield of wheat following rice under different coated urea and fertilization patterns were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CK, N1 significantly decreased the length of the basal second internode; increased the fullness, diameter, and wall thickness of the basal second internode; and enhanced snapping resistance and lodging resistance index. The actual field lodging coefficients in PCUN1 and SCUN1 were only 1.11 and 1.31, respectively. The yield in PCUN1 and SCUN1 was low but was not significantly different from that of CK. N2 significantly decreased the fullness of the basal second internode and lodging resistance index but significantly increased the field lodging rate and lodging coefficient compared with N1. N3 achieved the highest yield, which was significantly higher than that of N1, N2, and CK for PCU and SCU. The field lodging rate and lodging coefficient in N3 were not significantly different from those in N2 but were significantly lower than those in CK. In N3, the yield in PCU was the highest; it increased by 14.75% compared with that in CK. The length of the basal second internode in PCUN3 was significantly lower than that in SCUN3; and the fullness, diameter, and wall thickness of the basal second internode were significantly higher than those in SCUN3. Moreover, the field lodging rate and lodging coefficient of PCUN3 were lower than those of SCUN3. In conclusion, 60% PCU applied before sowing and 40% PCU topdressing at re-greening can limit the length of basal second internode, improve fullness and snapping resistance, decrease lodging coefficient, and increase yield, and this is beneficial for coordinating the high yield and lodging resistance of wheat following rice.

     

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